Bharat Financial Inclusion Ltd. कंपली की लेखा नीति

Mar 31, 2018

1. Corporate information

Bharat Financial Inclusion Limited (Formerly known as ''SKS Microfinance Limited'') (''the Company'' or ''BFIL'') is a public company domiciled in India and incorporated under the provision of the Companies Act, 1956. The Company was registered as a non-deposit accepting Non-Banking Financial Company (''NBFC-ND'') with the Reserve Bank of India (''RBI'') and has got classified as a Non-Banking Financial Company - Micro Finance Institution (''NBFC-MFI'') with effect from November 18, 2013. Its shares are listed on BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited.

The Company is engaged primarily in providing micro finance services to women in the rural areas of India who are enrolled as members and organized as Joint Liability Groups (''JLG''). The Company has its focus operation spread across 16 states.

In addition to the core business of providing micro-credit, the Company uses its distribution channel to provide other financial products and services to the members. Programs in this regard primarily relate to providing of loans to the members for the purchase of certain productivity-enhancing products such as mobile handsets, solar lamps, bicycle, sewing machines, mixer grinder and pressure cooker etc.

2. Basis of preparation

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP). The Company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the Accounting Standards notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (''the Act''), read together with rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, Companies (Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016 and the provisions of the RBI applicable as per Master Directions - Non-Banking Financial Company -Systemically Important Non-Deposit taking Company and Deposit taking Company (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2016 issued vide Notification No. DNBR. PD. 008/03.10.119/2016-17 dated September 01, 2016, as amended from time to time (''the NBFC Master Directions, 2016''). The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the historical cost convention except as detailed in note 2.1 (b).

The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of financial statements are consistent with those of previous year.

2.1. Summary of significant accounting policies

a. Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

b. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

i. Interest income on loans given is recognized under the internal rate of return method. Income or any other charges on non-performing asset is recognized only when realised and any such income recognized before the asset became non-performing and remaining unrealised is reversed.

ii. Interest income on deposits with banks is recognized on a time proportion accrual basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the interest rate applicable.

iii. Loan processing fees are amortized over the tenure of the loan on straight-line basis.

iv. Profit / premium arising at the time of securitization / assignment of loan portfolio is amortized over the life of the underlying loan portfolio / securities and any loss arising there from is accounted for immediately. Income from interest strip (excess interest spread) is recognized in the statement of profit and loss net of any losses when redeemed in cash. Interest retained under assignment of loan receivables is recognized on realization basis over the life of the underlying loan portfolio.

v. All other income is recognized on an accrual basis.

c. Property, plant and equipment

All Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use

d. Intangible assets

Computer software costs are capitalized and amortized using the written down value method at a rate of 40% per annum.

e. Depreciation

Depreciation on tangible fixed assets is provided on the written down value method using the rates arrived at based on useful life of the assets prescribed under Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 which is also as per the useful life of the assets estimated by the management

f. Impairment of Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

g. Leases (where the Company is the lessee)

Leases where the less or effectively retains, substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

h. Investments

Investments which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments.

All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Current investments are carried in the financial statement at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments. On disposal of an investment, the difference between the carrying amount and net disposal proceeds are charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

i. Borrowing costs

Borrowing cost includes interest and other costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings. All borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.

j. Foreign currency transactions

i. All transactions in foreign currency are recognized at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction.

ii. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the exchange rate prevailing at the close of the financial year.

iii. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on the restatement of Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

k. Retirement and other employee benefits

i. Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service.

ii. Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. Actuarial gains and losses for defined benefit plans are recognized in full in the period in which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.

iii. The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date.

iv. Accumulated leaves, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

v. The Company recognizes termination benefit as a liability and an expense when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

l. Income taxes

i. Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961, enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

ii. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

iii. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable profits.

iv. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date.

The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

v. Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement." The Company reviews the MAT Credit Entitlement asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

m. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Partly paid equity shares are treated as fraction of an equity share to the extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends related to a fully paid equity share during the reporting year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

n. Provisions

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

o. Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

p. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash in hand and cash at bank and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

q. Share based payments

In case of stock option plan, measurement and disclosure of the employee share-based payment plans is done in accordance with Securities and Exchange Board of India (Share Based Employee Benefits) Regulations, 2014 and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the fair value method. Compensation expense is amortized over the vesting period of the option on the straight line basis.

"Overdue" refers to interest and / or installment remaining unpaid from the day it became receivable.

The above classification is in compliance with the NBFC Master Directions, 2016.

Loans and advances other than portfolio loans are classified as standard, sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets in accordance with the NBFC Master Directions, 2016

Provision on standard assets has been made in line with the NBFC Master Directions, 2016.

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Mar 31, 2017

a. Use oF estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management’s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

b. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

i. Interest income on loans given is recognised under the internal rate of return method. Income or any other charges on non-performing asset is recognised only when realised and any such income recognised before the asset became non-performing and remaining unrealised is reversed.

ii. Interest income on deposits with banks is recognised on a time proportion accrual basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the interest rate applicable.

iii. Loan processing fees are amortised over the tenure of the loan on straight-line basis.

iv. Profit / premium arising at the time of securitisation / assignment of loan portfolio is amortised over the life of the underlying loan portfolio / securities and any loss arising therefrom is accounted for immediately. Income from interest strip (excess interest spread) is recognised in the statement of profit and loss net of any losses when redeemed in cash. Interest retained under assignment of loan receivables is recognised on realisation basis over the life of the underlying loan portfolio.

v. All other income is recognised on an accrual basis.

c. Property, plant and equipment

All Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.

d. Intangible assets

Computer software costs are capitalised and amortised using the written down value method at a rate of 40% per annum.

e. Depreciation

Depreciation on tangible fixed assets is provided on the written down value method using the rates arrived at based on useful life of the assets prescribed under Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 which is also as per the useful life of the assets estimated by the management.

f. Impairment of Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

g. Leases (where the Company is the lessee)

Leases where the lessor effectively retains, substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

h. Investments

Investments which are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments.

All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Current investments are carried in the financial statement at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments. On disposal of an investment, the difference between the carrying amount and net disposal proceeds are charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

i. Borrowing costs

Borrowing cost includes interest and other costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings. All borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.

j. Foreign currency transactions

i. All transactions in foreign currency are recognised at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction.

ii. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the exchange rate prevailing at the close of the financial year.

iii. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on the restatement of Company’s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

k. Retirement and other employee benefits

i. Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service.

ii. Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. Actuarial gains and losses for defined benefit plans are recognised in full in the period in which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.

iii. The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date.

iv Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilised within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

v. The Company recognizes termination benefit as a liability and an expense when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

l. Income taxes

i. Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961, enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

ii. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

iii. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company

has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised against future taxable profits.

iv. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date.

The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

v. Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as “MAT Credit Entitlement.” The Company reviews the MAT Credit Entitlement asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

m. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Partly paid equity shares are treated as fraction of an equity share to the extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends related to a fully paid equity share during the reporting year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

n. Provisions

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

o. Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

p. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash in hand and cash at bank and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

q. Share based payments

In case of stock option plan, measurement and disclosure of the employee share-based payment plans is done in accordance with Securities and Exchange Board of India (Share Based Employee Benefits) Regulations, 2014 and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the fair value method. Compensation expense is amortised over the vesting period of the option on the straight line basis.

r. Classification of loan portfolio

i. Portfolio loans are classified as follows:

“Overdue” refers to interest and / or installment remaining unpaid from the day it became receivable.

The above classification is in compliance with the NBFC Master Directions, 2016.

Loans and advances other than portfolio loans are classified as standard, sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets in accordance with the NBFC Master Directions, 2016.

s. Provisioning policy For Loan portfolio

i. Provisioning policy for loan portfolio:

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Mar 31, 2015

A. Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

b. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

i. Interest income on loans given is recognised under the internal rate of return method. Income or any other charges on non-performing asset is recognised only when realised and any such income recognised before the asset became non- performing and remaining unrealised is reversed.

ii. Interest income on deposits with banks is recognised on a time proportion accrual basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

iii. Loan processing fees are amortised over the tenure of the loan on straight-line basis.

iv. Profit / premium arising at the time of securitisation of loan portfolio is amortised over the life of the underlying loan portfolio / securities and any loss arising therefrom is accounted for immediately. Income from interest strip (excess interest spread) is recognized in the statement of profit and loss account net of any losses when redeemed in cash.

v. All other income is recognised on an accrual basis.

c. Tangible fixed assets

All fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.

d. Intangible assets

Computer software costs are capitalised and amortised using the written down value method at a rate of 40% per annum.

e. Depreciation

Depreciation on tangible fixed assets is provided on the written down value method using the rates arrived at based on useful life of the assets prescribed under Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 which is also as per the useful life of the assets estimated by the management (also refer note 3).

f. Impairment

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

g. Leases (where the Company is the lessee)

Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalised at the lower of the fair value of the leased property and present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease term and disclosed as leased assets. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of the lease liability based on the implicit rate of return. Finance charges are recognised as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. Lease management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs are capitalised. A leased asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the company will obtain the ownership by the end of the lease term, the capitalized asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term.

Leases where the lessor effectively retains, substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight- line basis over the lease term.

h. Investments

Investments which are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Current investments are carried in the financial statement at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments. On disposal of an investment, the difference between the carrying amount and net disposal proceeds are charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

i. Borrowing costs

All borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing cost includes interest and other costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings.

j. Foreign currency transactions

i. All transactions in foreign currency are recognised at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction.

ii. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the exchange rate prevailing at the close of the financial year.

iii. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on the restatement of Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

k. Retirement and other employee benefits

i. Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service.

ii. Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. Actuarial gains and losses for defined benefit plans are recognized in full in the period in which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.

iii. The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date.

iv. Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilised within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

v. The Company recognizes termination benefit as a liability and an expense when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

l. Income taxes

i. Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961, enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

ii. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

iii. Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised against future taxable profits.

iv. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

v. Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement." The Company reviews the MAT Credit Entitlement asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

m. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Partly paid equity shares are treated as fraction of an equity share to the extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends related to a fully paid equity share during the reporting year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

n. Provisions

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

o. Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

p. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash in hand and cash at bank and short- term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

q. Share based payments

In case of stock option plan, measurement and disclosure of the employee share-based payment plans is done in accordance with SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the fair value method. Compensation expense is amortised over the vesting period of the option on the straight line basis.

With effect from October 28, 2014 the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Share Based Employee Benefits) Regulations, 2014 have become applicable to the Company and measurement and disclosure of the employee share- based payments is done accordingly.

r. Classification of loan portfolio

i. Loans to JLG are classified as follows:

"Overdue" refers to interest and / or installment remaining unpaid from the day it became receivable.

The above classification is in compliance with Non-Banking Financial Company-Micro Finance Institutions (NBFC-MFIs Directions, December 02, 2011, as amended from time to time (''the NBFC-MFI Directions'').

ii. Loans and advances other than loans to JLG are classified as standard, sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets in accordance with the Systemically Important Non – Banking financial (Non-Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2015 issued vide Notification No. DNBR. 009/ CGM (CDS) -2015 dated March 27, 2015 (''the NBFC-ND-SI Prudential Norms'').

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Mar 31, 2013

A. Change in accounting policy

During the year ended March 31, 2013, the Company adopted the accounting policy for securitisation transactions, as notified by the RBI in its circular "Revisions to the Guidelines on Securitisation Transactions” issued on August 21, 2012. Accordingly, the income from securitisation transactions during the year ended March 31, 2013, is lower by Rs. 34,756,134, on account of change in the method of deferral of recognition of income, prescribed in the revised guidelines issued by the RBI.

b. Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

c. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

i. Interest income on loans given is recognised under the internal rate of return method. Income including interest or discount or any other charges on non-performing asset is recognised only when realised. Any such income recognised before the asset became non-performing and remaining unrealised shall be reversed.

ii. Interest income on deposits with banks is recognised on a time proportion accrual basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

iii. Loan processing fees are amortised over the tenure of the loan on straight-line basis.

iv. In accordance with the RBI guidelines, the Company accounts for any loss arising from assignment/ securitisation immediately at the time of sale and the profit/ premium arising from securitisation is amortised over the life of the underlying portfolio loans/ securities. Income from interest strip is recognized in the statement of profit and loss account (net of any losses).

v. Commission income on insurance agency activities is recognised on accrual basis.

vi. Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive payment is established by the balance sheet date.

vii. All other income is recognised on an accrual basis.

d. Tangible fixed assets

All fixed assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

e. Intangible assets

Computer software costs are capitalised and amortised using the written down value method at a rate of 40% per annum.

f. Depreciation

i. Depreciation on tangible fixed assets is provided on the written down value method as per the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 which is also as per the useful life of the assets estimated by the management.

ii. Fixed assets costing upto Rs. 5,000 individually are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

g. Impairment

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/ external factors. An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

h. Leases (where the Company is the lessee)

Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalised at the lower of the fair value of the leased property and present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease term and disclosed as leased assets. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of the lease liability based on the implicit rate of return. Finance charges are recognised as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. Lease management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs are capitalised. A leased asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset or the useful life envisaged in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, whichever is lower.

Leases where the lessor effectively retains, substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight- line basis over the lease term.

i. Investments

Investments which are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Current investments are carried in the financial statement at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments. On disposal of an investment, the difference between the carrying amount and disposal proceeds are charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

j. Borrowing costs

All borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

k. Foreign currency transactions

i. All transactions in foreign currency are recognised at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction.

ii. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the exchange rate prevailing at the close of the financial year.

iii. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on the restatement of Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

l. Retirement and other employee benefits

i. Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service.

ii. Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. Actuarial gains and losses for defined benefit plans are recognized in full in the period in which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.

iii. The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/ losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date.

iv. Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilised within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

v. The Company recognizes termination benefit as a liability and an expense when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

m. Income taxes

i. Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961, enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

ii. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

iii. Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised against future taxable profits.

iv. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write- down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

n. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividend and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Partly paid equity shares are treated as fraction of an equity share to the extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends related to a fully paid equity share during the reporting year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

o. Provisions

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

p. Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

q. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash in hand and cash at bank and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

r. Share based payments

In case of stock option plan, measurement and disclosure of the employee share-based payment plans is done in accordance with SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the fair value method. Compensation expense is amortised over the vesting period of the option on the straight line basis.

s. Classification of loan portfolio

i. Loans under JLG are classified as follows:

"Overdue” refers to interest and/ or installment remaining unpaid from the day it became receivable.

ii. All other loans and advances are classified as standard, sub-standard, doubtful, and loss assets in accordance with the extant Non-Banking Financial (Non-Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2007, as amended from time to time.

t. Provisioning policy for portfolio loans and loan assets under assignment/ securitisation

i. For the state of Andhra Pradesh:

The Government of Andhra Pradesh promulgated ‘The Andhra Pradesh Micro Finance Institution (Regulation of Money Lending) Ordinance 2010'' on October 15, 2010, subsequently enacted the same as ‘The Andhra Pradesh Micro Finance Institution (Regulation of Money Lending) Act, 2011 (Act 1 of 2011)'' (‘AP MFI Act'') on December 31, 2010. The AP MFI Act resulted in restriction of the Company''s operations and reduction in the collection rates in the state of Andhra Pradesh. As a result, the Company reassessed the provisioning estimates for the non-performing portfolio in the state of Andhra Pradesh during the financial year ended March 31, 2011 and elected to apply the provisioning requirements as prescribed in the Non-Banking Financial (Non-Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2007 as follows:

The Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI'') issued the ‘Non Banking Financial Company-Micro Finance Institutions (NBFC-MFIs) – Directions'' on December 2, 2011 which provide the regulatory framework, including the prudential norms for asset classification and provisioning, applicable to NBFC-MFIs. The norms relating to asset classification and provisioning were to be applicable with effect from April 1, 2012 to all NBFC-MFIs. However, RBI deferred the implementation of these norms to April 1, 2013. Subsequently, RBI issued certain modifications to the NBFC-MFI directions on August 3, 2012. The modifications clarified that provisioning made towards portfolio in the state of Andhra Pradesh should be in accordance with extant NBFC prudential norms and such provision should be added back notionally to the net owned funds for the purpose of calculation of the capital to risk assets ratio (‘CRAR'') and would be progressively reduced by 20% each year, over 5 years i.e. from March 31, 2013 to March 31, 2017.

The Micro Finance Institutions (Development and Regulation) Bill, 2012, which lays down the foundation for a central regulation of the microfinance industry and consequently will override the AP MFI Act, is pending in the Parliament for its approval.

The Company provided entirely on the residual exposure in the state of Andhra Pradesh during the quarter ended September 30, 2012. The provisioning on AP portfolio is in compliance with the extant RBI prudential norms. With this, the Company has fully provided for its exposure in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Further, an appeal filed by the Company challenging the judgement of the Andhra Pradesh High Court on the constitutional validity of the AP MFI Act came up for hearing before the Supreme Court of India on March 18, 2013. The Supreme Court, by its Order, directed that the interim orders issued by the High Court of Andhra Pradesh dated October 22, 2010 as modified by the Order dated October 29, 2010, shall continue pending further orders of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court also made it clear that if the Company complies with the said orders of the High Court, no coercive steps can be taken against the Company. The interim order of the High Court dated October 22, 2010 permits the Company to carry on business by due adherence to Sections 9 and 16 of the AP MFI Act, which prescribes the ceiling on amount recoverable on loans in respect of interest and provides the penalty for any coercive actions.

iii. Provision for losses under assignment arrangements is made as higher of the incurred loss and provision as per the Company provisioning policy for JLG loans subject to the maximum guarantee given to respective assignee bank or financial institution.

iv. All other loans and advances are provided for in accordance with the extant Non-Banking Financial (Non-Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2007, as amended from time to time.

v. All overdue loans where the tenure of the loan is completed and in the opinion of the management amount is not recoverable, are written off.

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Mar 31, 2012

A. Change in accounting policy Presentation and disclosure of financial statements

During the year ended March 31, 2012, the revised Schedule VI notified under the Companies Act 1956, has become applicable to the Company, for preparation and presentation of its financial statements. The adoption of revised Schedule VI does not impact recognition and measurement principles followed for preparation of financial statements. However, it has significant impact on presentation and disclosures made in the financial statements. The Company has also reclassified the previous year figures in accordance with the requirements applicable in the current year.

b. Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

c. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

i. Interest income on loans given is recognised under the internal rate of return method. Income including interest or discount or any other charges on non-performing asset is recognised only when realised. Any such income recognised before the asset became non-performing and remaining unrealised shall be reversed.

ii. Interest income on deposits with banks is recognised on a time proportion accrual basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

iii. Membership fees from members are recognised on an upfront basis. The Company has discontinued the collection of membership fees since January 2011.

iv. Loan processing fees are amortised over the tenure of the loan on straight-line basis.

v. In accordance with the RBI guidelines for securitisation of standard assets, the Company accounts for any loss arising from assignment/ securitisation immediately at the time of sale and the profit/ premium arising from securitisation is amortised over the life of the underlying portfolio loans/ securities.

vi. Commission income on insurance agency activities is recognised on accrual basis.

vii. Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive payment is established by the balance sheet date.

viii. All other income is recognised on an accrual basis.

d. Tangible fixed assets

All fixed assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

e. Intangible assets

i. Goodwill is amortised using the straight-line method over a period of five years.

ii. Computer software costs are capitalised and amortised using the written down value method at a rate of 40% per annum.

f. Depreciation

i. Depreciation on tangible fixed assets is provided on the written down value method as per the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 which is also as per the useful life of the assets estimated by the management.

ii. Fixed assets costing up to Rs.5,000 individually are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

g. Impairment

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/ external factors. An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

h. Leases

Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalised at the lower of the fair value and present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease term and disclosed as leased assets. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of the lease liability based on the implicit rate of return. Finance charges are recognised as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. Lease management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs are capitalised. A leased asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset or the useful life envisaged in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, whichever is lower.

Leases where the lessor effectively retains, substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight- line basis over the lease term.

i. Investments

Investments which are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Current investments are carried in the financial statement at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments. On disposal of an investment, the difference between the carrying amount and disposal proceeds are charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

j. Borrowing costs

All borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

k. Foreign currency transactions

i. All transactions in foreign currency are recognised at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction.

ii. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the exchange rate prevailing at the close of the financial year.

iii. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on the restatement of Company's monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

l. Retirement and other employee benefits

i. Retirement benefits in the form of provident fund are a defined contribution scheme. The contributions to the provident fund are charged to the statement of profit and loss of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the provident funds.

ii. Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. Actuarial gains/ losses are immediately

iii. The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/ losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

iv. Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilised within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

m. Income taxes

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961, enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised against future taxable profits.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

n. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividend and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Partly paid equity shares are treated as fraction of an equity share to the extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends related to a fully paid equity share during the reporting year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

o. Provisions

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of

resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

p. Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

q. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash in hand and cash at bank and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

r. Share based payments

In case of stock option plan, measurement and disclosure of the employee share-based payment plans is done in accordance with SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the fair value method. Compensation expense is amortised over the vesting period of the option on the straight line basis.

ii. All other loans and advances are classified as standard, sub-standard, doubtful, and loss assets in accordance with the extant Non-Banking Financial (Non-Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2007, as amended from time to time.

t. Provisioning policy for portfolio loans and loan assets under assignment/ securitisation

i. For the state of Andhra Pradesh:

The Government of Andhra Pradesh promulgated 'The Andhra Pradesh Micro Finance Institution (Regulation of Money Lending) Ordinance 2010' on October 15, 2010, subsequently enacted the same as 'The Andhra Pradesh Micro Finance Institution (Regulation of Money Lending) Act, 2011 (Act 1 of 2011)' on December 31, 2010 and notified by Gazette on January 1, 2011 ('AP MFI Act'). In compliance with the said Ordinance/ Act, the frequency of the JLG loan repayments in the state of Andhra Pradesh changed from a 'weekly' to a 'monthly' basis.

In January 2011, a sub-committee of the Central Board of Directors of the RBI ('the Malegam Committee'), in its recommendations, suggested that the provision for loan loss should be made with reference to the ageing of the overdue loan installments.

Subsequent to this, RBI vide its circular dated January 19, 2011, addressed to banks, stated that "the problems afflicting the Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) sector are not necessarily on account of any credit weakness per-se but were mainly due to environmental factors' and extended the special regulatory asset classification benefit to restructured MFI accounts as well.

The above-mentioned estimates for the provisioning of the loan portfolio in the state of Andhra Pradesh are based on the asset classification and provisioning norms as prescribed in the Non-Banking Financial (Non-Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2007.

Further, on December 2, 2011, the RBI, vide its circular no. DNBS.CC.PD.No. 250/03.10.01/2011-12, introduced a new category of NBFCs - 'Non Banking Financial Company-Micro Finance Institutions' (NBFC-MFIs) whereby the directions for NBFCs to be registered as NBFC-MFI have been notified. These directions provide the regulatory framework, including the prudential norms for asset classification and provisioning, applicable to microfinance institutions on being registered as NBFC- MFIs. The norms relating to asset classification and provisioning were to be applicable with effect from April 1, 2012 to all NBFCs registered as NBFC-MFI.

However, subsequent to the above circular, the RBI (vide its circular dated March 20, 2012) deferred the implementation of the asset classification and provisioning norms, laid down in the NBFC-MFI Directions, to April 1, 2013.

The Company continues to apply the estimates given in the table above on the portfolio in the state of Andhra Pradesh as at March 31, 2012.

iii. Provision for losses under assignment arrangements is made as higher of the incurred loss and provision as per the Company provisioning policy for JLG loans subject to the maximum guarantee given to respective assignee bank or financial institution.

iv. All other loans and advances are provided for in accordance with the extant Non-Banking Financial (Non-Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2007, as amended from time to time.

v. All overdue loans where the tenure of the loan is completed and in the opinion of the management amount is not recoverable, are written off.

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Mar 31, 2011

A. Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the Accounting Standards notified by Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, (as amended),the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act) and the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as applicable to a non banking financial company. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis except interest on loan which has been classified as non performing assets and is accounted for on cash basis. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those used in the previous year.

b. Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period end. Although these estimates are based upon managements best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates.

c. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

i. Interest income on loans given is recognized under the internal rate of return method. Income including interest or discount or any other charges on non-performing asset is recognized only when realized. Any such income recognized before the asset became non-performing and remaining unrealized shall be reversed.

ii. Interest income on deposits with banks is recognized on a time proportion accrual basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

iii. Membership fees from members are recognized on an upfront basis.

iv. In accordance with the RBI guidelines for securitisation of standard assets, the Company accounts for any loss arising from assignment / securitisation immediately at the time of sale and the profit/premium arising from securitisation is amortized over the life of the securities.

v. Commission income on insurance agency activities is recognized when risk and reward attached to the obligation is transferred.

vi. Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive payment is established by the balance sheet date.

vii. All other income is recognized on an accrual basis.

d. Fixed assets

All fixed assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

Asset under development as at the balance sheet date are shown as capital work in progress. Advance paid towards such development are also included under capital work in progress.

e. intangibles

i. Goodwill is amortized using the straight-line method over a period of five years.

ii. Computer Software cost are capitalized and amortized using the written down value method at a rate of 40% per annum.

f. depreciation

i. Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on the written down value method as per the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 which is also as per the useful life of the assets estimated by the management.

ii. Fixed assets costing up to Rs. 5,000 individually are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

g. impairment

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

h. leases

Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalized at the lower of the fair value and present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease term and disclosed as leased assets. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of the lease liability based on the implicit rate of return. Finance charges are charged directly against income. Lease management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs are capitalized.

Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

i. investments

The criteria to classify the investment into current and long term investment shall be spelt out by the Board of the Company in the investment policy. Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments. Unquoted equity shares in the nature of current investment shall be valued at cost or break-up value whichever is lower.

j. Borrowing costs

All borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

k. Foreign currency transactions

i. All transactions in the foreign currency are recognized at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction.

ii. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the exchange rate prevailing at the close of the financial year.

iii. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on the Companys monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

l. Retirement and other employee benefits

i. Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund are a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective funds.

ii. Gratuity liability is defined benefit obligations and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year.

iii. Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation at the year end. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method at the year end.

iv. Actuarial gains/ losses are immediately taken to profit and loss account and are not deferred.

m. income tax

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961, enacted in India. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

The carrying amount of the deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes down the carrying amount of the deferred tax assets to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

n. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividend and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Partly paid equity shares are treated as fraction of an equity share to the extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends related to a fully paid equity share during the reporting year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

o. Provisions

A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

p. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash in hand and cash at bank and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

q. Share Based payments

i. In case of Employee Share Purchase Plan, measurement and disclosure of the employee share-based payment plans is done in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee share purchase plan using the fair value method. Such compensation expense is recognized immediately as these are granted and vested immediately.

ii. In case of Stock Option Plan, measurement and disclosure of the employee share-based payment plans is done in accordance with SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountant of India. The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the fair value method. Compensation expense is amortized over the vesting period of the option on the straight line basis.

r. classification of loan Portfolio

i. Loans are classified as follows:

Asset classification Loans under JLG/ individual scheme Loans under JLG/ individual scheme (Andhra Pradesh) (other States)

Non Performing Assets Overdue over 180 days Overdue over 8 weeks

Sub-Standard Assets Overdue for 180 - 720 days Overdue for 8 weeks - 25 weeks

Loss Assets Overdue over 720 days Overdue for more than 25 weeks

"Overdue" refers to interest and/ or installment remaining unpaid from the day it became receivable.

ii. All other loans and advances are classified as standard, sub-standard, doubtful, and loss assets in accordance with the extant Non-Banking Financial (Non-Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2007, as amended from time to time.

s. Provision policy for Portfolio loans & Assets Assigned

For the state of Andhra Pradesh:

The Government of Andhra Pradesh promulgated "The Andhra Pradesh Micro Finance Institution (Regulation of Money Lending) Ordinance 2010" on October 15, 2010, subsequently enacted the same as "The Andhra Pradesh Micro Finance Institution (Regulation of Money Lending) Act, 2011 (Act 1 of 2011)" on December 31, 2010 and notified by Gazette on January 1, 2011 (AP MFI Act). In compliance with the said Ordinance/ Act, the frequency of the JLG loan repayments in the state of Andhra Pradesh changed from a weekly to a monthly basis.

In January 2011, a Sub-committee of the Central Board of Directors of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) (the Malegam Committee), in its recommendations, suggested that the provision for loan loss should be made with reference to the ageing of the overdue loan installments.

Subsequent to this, RBI vide its circular dated January 19, 2011, addressed to banks, stated that "the problems afflicting the Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) sector are not necessarily on account of any credit weakness per-se but were mainly due to environmental factors" and extended the special regulatory asset classification benefit to restructured MFI accounts as well.

The above-mentioned estimates for the provisioning of the loan portfolio in the state of Andhra Pradesh are based on the asset classi- fication and provisioning norms as prescribed in the Non-Banking Financial (Non-Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2007.

i. Provision for losses under assignment arrangements is made as higher of the incurred loss and provision as per the Company provisioning policy for JLG loans subject to the maximum guarantee given to respective assignee bank or financial institution.

ii. All other loans and advances are provided for in accordance with the extant Non-Banking Financial (Non-Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2007, as amended from time to time.

iii. All overdue loans where the tenure of the loan is completed and in the opinion of the management amount is not recoverable, are written off.

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Mar 31, 2010

A. Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified by Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended), the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act) and the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as applicable to a non banking financial company. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis except interest/discount on a loan which has been classified as a non performing asset and is accounted for on cash basis. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those applied in the previous year.

b. Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period end. Although these estimates are based upon managements best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates.

c. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

i. Interest income on loans given is recognized under the internal rate of return method. Income on non-performing loans is recognized only when realized and any interest recognized and remaining unrealized on such loans becoming non performing is reversed.

ii. Interest income on deposits with banks is recognized on a time proportion accrual basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

iii. Membership fees from members are recognized on an upfront basis.

iv. On sale of receivables under asset assignment arrangement, the profit arising on account of sale is recognized over the life of the receivables assigned on an accrual basis and loss, if any, arising on account of sale is accounted immediately.

v. Commission income on insurance agency activities is recognized on accrual basis.

vi. Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive payment is established by the balance sheet date.

vii. All other income is recognized on an accrual basis.

d. Fixed assets

All fixed assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

Asset under development as at the balance sheet date are shown as capital work in progress. Advance paid towards such development are also included under capital work in progress.

e. Intangibles

i. Goodwill is amortized using the straight-line method over a period of five years.

ii. Software cost related to computers are capitalized and amortized using the written down value method at a rate of 40% per annum.

f. Depreciation

i. Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on the written down value method as per the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 which is in accordance with management estimates.

ii. Fixed assets costing up to Rs. 5,000 individually are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

g. Impairment

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

h. Leases

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

i. Investments

Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.

j. Foreign Currency Transactions

i. All transactions in the foreign currency are recognized at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction.

ii. Monetary items are money held and assets and liabilities to be received or paid in fixed or determinable amounts of money.

iii. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the exchange rate prevailing at the close of the financial year.

iv. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on the Companys monetary items at rates different from those at

which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

k. Retirement and other employee benefits

i. Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund are a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective funds.

ii. Gratuity liability is defined benefit obligations and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year.

iii. Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation at the year end. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method at the year end.

iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to profit and loss account and are not deferred.

l. Income Taxes

Tax expense comprises of current, deferred and fringe benefit tax. Current income tax and fringe benefit tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

The carrying amount of the deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes down the carrying amount of the deferred tax assets to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

m. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividend and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Partly paid equity shares are treated as fraction of an equity share to the extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends related to a fully paid equity share during the reporting period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

n. Provisions

A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

o. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash in hand and cash at bank and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

p. Share Based payments

(a) In case of Employee Share Purchase Plan, measurement and disclosure of the employee share-based payment plans is done in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the ICAI. The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee share purchase plan using the fair value method.

(b) Such compensation expense is recognized immediately as these are granted and vested immediately.

(c) In case of Stock Option Plan, measurement and disclosure of the share-based payment plans is done in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the ICAI. The Company measures compensation cost relating to stock options using the Black-Scholes Model. Compensation expense is amortized over the vesting period of the option on the straight line basis.

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Mar 31, 2009

A. Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the Notified Accounting Standards by Companies Accounting Standards Rules, 2006, the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (the Act) and the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as applicable to a non banking financial Company. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis except interest/discount on a loan which have been classified as Non Performing Assets and is accounted for on cash basis. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those applied in the previous year.

b. Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period end. Although these estimates are based upon managements best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates.

c. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

i. Interest income on loans given is recognized under the internal rate of return method. Income on non-performing assets is recognized only when realized and any interest accruing on such assets is de-recognized totally by reversing the interest income already recognized.

ii. Loan origination fees on loans being an adjustment to yield is recognized over the life of the loan on a straight line basis.

iii. Interest income on deposits with banks is recognized on a time proportion accrual basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

iv. Membership fees are recognized on an upfront basis.

v. On sale of receivables under asset assignment arrangement, the profit arising on account of sale is recognized over the life of the receivables assigned on an accrual basis and loss, if any, arising on account of sale is accounted immediately.

vi. Dividend income is accounted on establishment of right to receive basis by the Balance Sheet date.

vii. All other income is recognized on an accrual basis.

d. Fixed assets

All fixed assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

e. Intangibles

i. Goodwill is amortized using the straight-line method over a period of five years.

ii. Software cost related to computers are capitalized and amortized using the written down value method at a rate of 40% per annum.

f. Depreciation

i. Depreciation on fixed assets has been provided on the written down value method at the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.

ii. Fixed assets costing upto Rs. 5,000 individually are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

g. Impairment

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/ external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

h. Leases

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased term are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

i. Investments

Investments that are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.

j. Foreign Currency Transactions

i. All transactions in the foreign currency are recognized at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transactions.

ii. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the exchange rate prevailing at the close of the financial year and net gain or losses are recognized as income or expense.

iii. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Companys monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

k. Retirement and other employee benefits

i. The monthly contributions towards Provident Fund and Employees State Insurance Scheme are charged to Profit and Loss Account for the year.

ii. Gratuity liability is defined benefit obligations and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of the financial year.

iii. Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method at the end of the financial year.

iv. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to Profit and Loss Account and are not deferred.

l. Income Taxes

Tax expense comprises of current, deferred and fringe benefit tax. Current income tax and fringe benefit tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income Tax Act. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

The carrying amount of the deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes down the carrying amount of the deferred tax assets to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

m. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting preference dividend and attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Partly paid equity shares are treated as fraction of an equity share to the extent that they were entitled to participate in dividends related to a fully paid equity share during the reporting period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

n. Provisions

A provision is recognized when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

o. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash equivalents in the Balance Sheet comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

p. Employee Share Based payments

(a) In case of Employee Share Purchase Plan, measurement and disclosure of the employee share-based payment plans is done in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the ICAI. The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee share purchase plan using the fair value method. Such compensation expense is recognized immediately as these are granted and vested immediately.

(b) In case of Employee Stock Option Plan, measurement and disclosure of the employee share-based payment plans is done in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the ICAI. The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock options using the Black-Scholes Model. Compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period of the option on the straight line basis.

ii. All other loans and advances are classified as standard, sub-standard, doubtful, and loss assets in accordance with the extant Non- Banking Financial (Non-Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2007.

r. Provision policy for Portfolio Loans

i. Loans are provided for as per the managements estimates, subject to the minimum provision required as per Non-Banking Financial (Non-Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2007. The provisions norm adopted by the Company is as follows:

** Portfolio at Risk represent overdue as percentage at gross loans outstanding computed separately for JLG loans and ILP loans.

ii. All other loans & advances are provided for in accordance with the extant Non-Banking Financial (Non-Deposit Accepting or Holding) Companies Prudential Norms (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2007.

iii. All overdue loans where the tenure of the loan is completed and in the opinion of the management amount is not recoverable, are written off.

iv. Further all loss assets identified per the extant RBI guidelines are provided / written off.

Under the agreement for the assignment of loans the Company has transferred all the rights and obligations relating to the loan assets assigned as shown above to various banks. The guarantee given by the Company under the asset assignment has been disclosed in note 7 below.