Active Infrastructures Ltd. कंपली की लेखा नीति

Mar 31, 2025

NOTE 1: Corporate Information

Active Infrastructures Limited ("the Company"), (formerly known as Active Infrastructures Private Limited) having (CIN- L45200MH2007PLC174506) is a Company registered under the Companies Act, 2013 (Earlier Companies Act, 1956). It was incorporated on 26th September, 2007. The Company is primarily engaged in the business of Construction and sale of Commercial units.

NOTE 2: Statement on Significant Material Accounting Policies

The significant Material accounting policies applied by the company in the preparation of its financial statements are listed below. Such accounting policies have been applied consistently to all the periods presented in these financial statements, unless otherwise indicated.

1. Statement of Compliance:

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (referred to as "Ind AS") as prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as amended from time to time.

2. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements:

These financial statements have been prepared in Indian Rupee (Rs. In lakhs) which is the functional currency of the Company.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention with the exception of certain assets and liabilities that are required to be carried at fair values by Ind AS and inventories at Cost or NRV whichever is lower. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

3. Use of Estimates:

In preparation of the financial statements, the Company makes judgments, estimates and assumptions about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and the associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Significant judgments and estimates relating to the carrying values of assets and liabilities include useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, impairment of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and investments, provision for employee benefits and other provisions, recoverability of deferred tax assets, commitments and contingencies.

4. Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. Accordingly, it is excluded from revenue.

The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognised.

i. Recognition of revenue from real estate projects

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of commercial units to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those commercial units. The Company shall determine the performance obligations associated with the contract with customers at contract inception and also determine whether they satisfy the performance obligation over time or at a point in time. In case of commercial units, the Company satisfies the performance obligation and recognizes revenue at a point in time i.e., upon handover of the commercial units.

ii. Recognition of revenue from Infrastructure projects

Revenue is recognized upon satisfaction of stipulated milestones specified in the contract with customers. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange of satisfaction of performance obligations. The company determines the performance obligations associated with the contract at the beginning and decides whether they are satisfied over time or at a specific point in time. For turnkey projects, revenue is recognized at a specific point in time, which is the satisfaction of stipulated milestones specified in the contract with customers.

iii. Dividend income:

Revenue is recognised when the shareholders'' or unit holders'' right to receive payment is established, which is generally when shareholder approve the dividend.

iv. Share in profits of partnership firm investments in LLP

The Company''s share in profits from a firm & LLP where the Company is a partner, is recognised on the basis of such firm''s audited accounts, as per terms of the partnership deed.

v. Interest income

Interest income, including income arising from other financial instruments, is recognised using the effective interest rate method.

5. Property, Plant and Equipment:

Property, plant and equipment are stated at their cost of acquisition/construction, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met, directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use and initial estimate of decommissioning, restoring and similar liabilities. Each part of an item of property, plant and equipment with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item is depreciated separately. This applies mainly to components for machinery. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred. Subsequent expenditure related to an item of property, plant and equipment is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition of property, plant and equipment which take substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the property, plant and equipment is derecognised.

Expenditure directly relating to construction activity is capitalized. Indirect expenditure incurred during construction period is capitalized to the extent to which the expenditure is indirectly related to construction or is incidental thereto. Other indirect expenditure (including borrowing costs) incurred during the construction period which is not related to the construction activity nor is incidental thereto is charged to the statement of profit and loss.

Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date is classified as capital advances under other non-current assets.

6. Depreciation on Property Plant & Equipment:

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment provided as per cost model on Written down value basis over the estimated useful lives of the asset as follows:

A. Plant and machinery - Civil construction

i. Concreting, Crushing, Piling Equipments : 12 years

ii. Earth-moving equipments : 9 Years

B. Computers : 3 years

C. Vehicles : 8 Years

Based on technical evaluation, the management believes that the useful lives given above best represents the period over which the management expects to use the asset. Hence the useful lives of the assets are same as prescribed under Part C of schedule II of Companies Act, 2013.

The estimated useful life of the assets is reviewed at the end of each financial year. The residual value of Property, plant and equipment considered as 5% of the original cost of the asset. Depreciation on the assets added / disposed of during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the month of addition / disposal.

7. Impairment (other than Financial Instruments)

At each balance sheet date, the Company reviews the carrying values of its property, plant and equipment and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that the carrying value of those assets may not be recoverable through continuing use. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is reviewed in order to determine the extent of impairment loss (if any).

Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are independent from other assets, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. An impairment loss is recognized in the statement of profit and loss as and when the carrying value of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying value of the asset (or cash generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount so that the increased carrying value does not exceed the carrying value that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset (or cash generating unit) in prior years. The remaining reversal of an impairment loss is recognized in the statement of profit and loss immediately.

8. Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value measured on initial recognition of financial asset or financial liability. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss are immediately recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Effective interest method

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial instrument and of allocating interest income or expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts future cash receipts or payments through the expected life of the financial instrument, or where appropriate, a shorter period.

(a) Financial Assets:Cash and Bank Balances:

(I) Cash and cash equivalents - which includes cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks and other short-term deposits which have maturities of less than one year from the date of such deposits.

(ii) Other bank balances - which includes balances and deposits with banks that are restricted for withdrawal and usage.

Financial assets at amortized cost:

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost if these financial assets are held within a business model whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at Fair Value:

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business model whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows or to sell these financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

The Company in respect of equity investments (other than in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures) which are not held for trading has made an irrevocable election to presentation other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value of such equity instruments. Such an election is made by the Company on an instrument-by- instrument basis at the time of initial recognition of such equity investments.

Financial asset not measured at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income is carried at fair value through the statement of profit and loss.

Impairment of financial assets

Loss allowance for expected credit losses is recognized for financial assets measured at amortized cost and fair value through other comprehensive income. The Company recognizes life time expected credit losses for all trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction.

For financial assets whose credit risk has not significantly increased since initial recognition, loss allowance equal to twelve months expected credit losses is recognized. Loss allowance equal to the lifetime expected credit losses is recognized if the credit risk on the financial instruments has significantly increased since initial recognition.

De-recognition of financial assets

The Company de-recognizes a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or it transfers the financial asset and substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity.

If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognizes its retained interest in the assets and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay.

If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognize the financial asset and also recognizes a collateralized borrowing for the proceeds received.

(b) Financial Liabilities and Equity Instruments:

Classification as debt or equity

Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Financial Liabilities

Trade and other payables are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are subsequently measured at amortized cost, using the effective interest rate method where the time value of money is significant.

Interest bearing bank loans, overdrafts and issued debt are initially measured at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the settlement or redemption of borrowings is recognized over the term of the borrowings in the statement of profit and loss.

De-recognition of financial liabilities

The Company de-recognizes financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company''s obligations are discharged, cancelled or they expire.

Reclassification of financial assets

The company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The company''s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the company''s operations.

Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the group reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The company does not restate any previously recognized gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

The following table shows various reclassification and how they are accounted for:

Original classification	Revised classification	Accounting treatment
Amortised cost	FVTPL	Fair value is measured at reclassification date. Difference between previous amortized cost and fair value is recognised in P&L.
FVTPL	Amortised Cost	Fair value at reclassification date becomes its new gross carrying amount. EIR is calculated based on the new gross carrying amount.
Amortised cost	FVTOCI	Fair value is measured at reclassification date. Difference between previous amortised cost and fair value is recognised in OCI. No change in EIR due to reclassification.
FVTOCI	Amortised cost	Fair value at reclassification date becomes its new amortised cost carrying amount. However, cumulative gain or loss in OCI is adjusted against fair value. Consequently, the asset is measured as if it had always been measured at amortised cost.
FVTPL	FVTOCI	Fair value at reclassification date becomes its new carrying amount. No other adjustment is required.
FVTOCI	FVTPL	Assets continue to be measured at fair value. Cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified to P&L at the reclassification date.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

9. Inventory

Inventories are stated at the lower of Weighted average cost and net realizable value. Costs comprise direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Net realizable value is the price at which the inventories can be realized in the normal course of business after allowing for the cost of conversion from their existing state to a finished condition and for the cost of marketing, selling and distribution.

10. Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with a balance maturity of three months or less.

11. Income Taxes:A. Current Tax

Current income tax is recognised based on the estimated tax liability computed after taking credit for allowances and exemptions in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961. Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

B. Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying values of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit and is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. In contrast, deferred tax assets are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized. Current and deferred tax are recognized as an expense or income in the statement of profit and loss, except when they relate to items credited or debited either in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

12. Provisions:

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company. A present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is also termed as contingent liability. A contingent asset is neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.

13. Employee Benefits

Short term employee benefits are recognized on an accrual basis.

Defined Benefit Plans:

Gratuity, which is a defined benefit plan, is accrued based on an independent actuarial valuation, which is done based on project unit credit method as at the balance sheet date. The Company recognizes the net obligation of a defined benefit plan in its balance sheet as an asset or liability. Gains and losses through re-measurements of the net defined benefit liability / (asset) are recognized in other comprehensive income. In accordance with Ind AS, remeasurement gains and losses on defined benefit plans recognized in OCI are not to be subsequently reclassified to statement of profit and loss. As required under Ind AS compliant Schedule III, the Company transfers it immediately to retained earnings.

14. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per shares is computed by dividing the profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per shares and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

15.	Abbreviations used:
	a.	FVTOCI	Fair value through Other Comprehensive Income
	b.	FVTPL	Fair value through Profit & Loss
	c.	GAAP	Generally accepted accounting principal
	d.	Ind AS	Indian Accounting Standards
	e.	OCI	Other Comprehensive Income
	f.	P&L	Profit and Loss
	g.	PPE	Property, Plant and Equipment
	h.	EIR	Effective Interest Rate

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Mar 31, 2024

NOTE 2: Statement on Significant Material Accounting Policies

The significant Material accounting policies applied by the company in the preparation of
its financial statements are listed below. Such accounting policies have been applied
consistently to all the periods presented in these financial statements, unless otherwise
indicated.

1. Statement of Compliance:

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian
Accounting Standards (referred to as “Ind AS") as prescribed under Section 133 of the
Companies Act, 2013 read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as
amended from time to time.

2. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements:

These financial statements have been prepared in Indian Rupee (Rs. In lakhs) which is
the functional currency of the Company.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention with
the exception of certain assets and liabilities that are required to be carried at fair values
by Ind AS and inventories at Cost or NRV whichever is lower. Historical cost is generally
based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability
in orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

3. Use of Estimates:

In preparation of the financial statements, the Company makes judgments, estimates
and assumptions about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily
apparent from other sources. The estimates and the associated assumptions are based
on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual
results may differ from these estimates.

Significant judgments and estimates relating to the carrying values of assets and
liabilities include useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets,
impairment of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and investments,
provision for employee benefits and other provisions, recoverability of deferred tax
assets, commitments and contingencies.

4. Revenue Recognition:

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will
flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured
at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account
contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf
of the government. Accordingly, it is excluded from revenue.

The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is
recognized.

i. Recognition of revenue from real estate projects

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of commercial units to customers, in an
amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for
those commercial units. The Company shall determine the performance obligations
associated with the contract with customers at contract inception and also determine
whether they satisfy the performance obligation over time or at a point in time. In case of
commercial units, the Company satisfies the performance obligation and recognises
revenue at a point in time i.e., upon handover of the commercial units.

ii. Dividend income:

Revenue is recognised when the shareholders'' or unit holders'' right to receive payment
is established, which is generally when shareholder approve the dividend.

iii. Share in profits of partnership firm investments

The Company’s share in profits from a firm where the Company is a partner, is
recognised on the basis of such firm’s audited accounts, as per terms of the partnership
deed.

iv. Interest income

Interest income, including income arising from other financial instruments, is recognised
using the effective interest rate method.

5. Property, Plant and Equipment:

Property, plant and equipment are stated at their cost of acquisition/construction, net of
accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises purchase
price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met, directly attributable cost of
bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use and initial estimate of
decommissioning, restoring and similar liabilities. Each part of an item of property, plant
and equipment with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item is
depreciated separately. This applies mainly to components for machinery. When
significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the
Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise,
when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the
plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other
repair and maintenance costs are recognised in statement of profit and loss as incurred.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of property, plant and equipment is added to
its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its
previously assessed standard of performance. Borrowing costs directly attributable to
acquisition of property, plant and equipment which take substantial period of time to get
ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such
assets are ready to be put to use.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is
derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its
use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de-recognition of the asset (calculated as the
difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is
included in the statement of profit and loss when the property, plant and equipment is
derecognised.

Expenditure directly relating to construction activity is capitalized. Indirect expenditure
incurred during construction period is capitalized to the extent to which the expenditure is
indirectly related to construction or is incidental thereto. Other indirect expenditure
(including borrowing costs) incurred during the construction period which is not related to
the construction activity nor is incidental thereto is charged to the statement of profit and
loss.

Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at
each balance sheet date is classified as capital advances under other non-current
assets.

6. Depreciation on Property Plant & Equipment:

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment provided as per cost model on Written
down value basis over the estimated useful lives of the asset as follows:

A. Plant and machinery - Civil construction

i. Concreting, Crushing, Piling Equipments : 12 years

ii. Earth-moving equipments : 9 Years

B. Computers : 3 years

C. Vehicles : 8 Years

Based on technical evaluation, the management believes that the useful lives given
above best represents the period over which the management expects to use the asset.
Hence the useful lives of the assets are same as prescribed under Part C of schedule II
of Companies Act, 2013.

The estimated useful life of the assets is reviewed at the end of each financial year. The
residual value of Property, plant and equipment considered as 5% of the original cost of
the asset. Depreciation on the assets added / disposed of during the year is provided on
pro-rata basis with reference to the month of addition / disposal.

7. Impairment (other than Financial Instruments)

At each balance sheet date, the Company reviews the carrying values of its property,
plant and equipment and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication
that the carrying value of those assets may not be recoverable through continuing use.
If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is reviewed in order to
determine the extent of impairment loss (if any).

Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are independent from other assets,
the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the
asset belongs.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present
value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time
value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash
flows have not been adjusted. An impairment loss is recognized in the statement of
profit and loss as and when the carrying value of an asset exceeds its recoverable
amount.

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying value of the asset
(or cash generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount
so that the increased carrying value does not exceed the carrying value that would have
been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset
(or cash generating unit) in prior years. The remaining reversal of an impairment loss is
recognized in the statement of profit and loss immediately.

8. Financial Instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and
a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a
party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and liabilities are
initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the
acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets
and financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss) are added to or deducted
from the fair value measured on initial recognition of financial asset or financial liability.
The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and
financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss are immediately recognized in the
statement of profit and loss.

Effective interest method

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial
instrument and of allocating interest income or expense over the relevant period. The
effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts future cash receipts or payments
through the expected life of the financial instrument, or where appropriate, a shorter
period.

(a) Financial Assets:

Cash and Bank Balances:

(i) Cash and cash equivalents - which includes cash in hand, deposits held at call with
banks and other short-term deposits which have maturities of less than one year from
the date of such deposits.

(ii) Other bank balances - which includes balances and deposits with banks that are
restricted for withdrawal and usage.

Financial assets at amortized cost:

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost if these financial assets are
held within a business model whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect
contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on
specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the
principal amount outstanding.

Financial assets at Fair Value:

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these
financial assets are held within a business model whose objective is to hold these assets in
order to collect contractual cash flows or to sell these financial assets and the contractual
terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely
payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

The Company in respect of equity investments (other than in subsidiaries, associates and
joint ventures) which are not held for trading has made an irrevocable election to
presentation other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value of such
equity instruments. Such an election is made by the Company on an instrument-by-
instrument basis at the time of initial recognition of such equity investments.

Financial asset not measured at amortized cost or at fair value through other
comprehensive income is carried at fair value through the statement of profit and loss.

Impairment of financial assets

Loss allowance for expected credit losses is recognized for financial assets measured at
amortized cost and fair value through other comprehensive income. The Company
recognizes life time expected credit losses for all trade receivables that do not constitute a
financing transaction.

For financial assets whose credit risk has not significantly increased since initial
recognition, loss allowance equal to twelve months expected credit losses is recognized.
Loss allowance equal to the lifetime expected credit losses is recognized if the credit risk
on the financial instruments has significantly increased since initial recognition.

De-recognition of financial assets

The Company de-recognizes a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash
flows from the asset expire, or it transfers the financial asset and substantially all risks and
rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity.

If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of
ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognizes its
retained interest in the assets and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay.

If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred
financial asset, the Company continues to recognize the financial asset and also
recognizes a collateralized borrowing for the proceeds received.

(b) Financial Liabilities and Equity Instruments:

Classification as debt or equity

Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified according
to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a
financial liability and an equity instrument.

Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the
Company after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments are recorded at the
proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Financial Liabilities

Trade and other payables are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs, and
are subsequently measured at amortized cost, using the effective interest rate method
where the time value of money is significant.

Interest bearing bank loans, overdrafts and issued debt are initially measured at fair value
and are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.
Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the settlement or
redemption of borrowings is recognized over the term of the borrowings in the statement of
profit and loss.

De-recognition of financial liabilities

The Company de-recognizes financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company’s
obligations are discharged, cancelled or they expire.

Reclassification of financial assets

The company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial
recognition. After initial recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities, a
reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those
assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The company’s
senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or
internal changes which are significant to the company’s operations.

Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs
when the company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its
operations. If the group reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification
prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next
reporting period following the change in business model. The company does not restate
any previously recognized gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the
balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized
amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and
settle the liabilities simultaneously.

9. Inventory

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs comprise
direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that
have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.
Net realizable value is the price at which the inventories can be realized in the normal
course of business after allowing for the cost of conversion from their existing state to a
finished condition and for the cost of marketing, selling and distribution.

10. Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term
investments with a balance maturity of three months or less.

11. Income Taxes:

A. Current Tax

Current income tax is recognised based on the estimated tax liability computed after
taking credit for allowances and exemptions in accordance with the Income Tax Act,
1961. Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to
be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to
compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the
reporting date.

B. Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between
the carrying values of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the
corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit and is accounted for
using the balance sheet liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized
for all taxable temporary differences. In contrast, deferred tax assets are only
recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available
against which the temporary differences can be utilized. Current and deferred tax are
recognized as an expense or income in the statement of profit and loss, except when
they relate to items credited or debited either in other comprehensive income or directly
in equity, in which case the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income or
directly in equity.