Elcid Investments Ltd. कंपली की लेखा नीति

Mar 31, 2026

2. Significant Accounting Policies:

2.1. Statement of compliance

The financial statements have been prepared in
accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act,
2013 and the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS)
notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting
Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to
time) issued by Ministry of Corporate Affairs in
exercise of the powers conferred by section 133 read
with sub-section (1) of section 210A of the Companies
Act, 2013. In addition, the guidance
notes/announcements issued by the Institute of
Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) are also applied
along with compliance with other statutory
promulgations require a different treatment.

2.2. Basis of preparation:

a) The financial statements have been prepared on
the historical cost basis except for certain financial
instruments that are measured at fair values at the
end of each reporting period.

Fair value measurements under Ind AS are
categorised into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the
degree to which the inputs to the fair value
measurements are observable and the
significance of the inputs to the fair value
measurement in its entirety, which are described
as follows:

i. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted)
in active markets for identical assets or
liabilities that the Company can access at
reporting date

ii. Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted
prices included within level 1, that are
observable for the asset or liability, either
directly or indirectly; and

iii. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the
valuation of assets or liabilities

b) The Balance Sheet and the Statement of Profit and
Loss are prepared and presented in the format
prescribed in the Division III to Schedule III to the
Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act") applicable for
Non-Banking Finance Companies ("NBFC"). The
Statement of Cash Flows has been prepared and
presented as per the requirements of Ind AS 7
"Statement of Cash Flows". The disclosure
requirements with respect to items in the Balance
Sheet and Statement of Profit and Loss, as
prescribed in the Schedule III to the Act, are

presented by way of notes forming part of the
financial statements along with the other notes
required to be disclosed under the notified
accounting Standards and the SEBI (Listing
Obligations and Disclosure Requirements)
Regulations, 2015

2.3. Use of Estimates:

The preparation of the financial statements in
conformity with Ind AS requires the Management to
make estimates, judgments and assumptions. These
estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the
application of accounting policies and the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of
contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the period. Accounting
estimates could change from period to period. Actual
results could differ from those estimates. Appropriate
changes in estimates are made as the Management
becomes aware of changes in circumstances
surrounding the estimates. Changes in estimates are
reflected in the financial statements in the period in
which changes are made and, if material, their effects
are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

2.4. Revenue recognition:

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable
that the economic benefits will flow to the Company
and the revenue can be reliably measured and there
exists reasonable certainty of its recovery. Revenue is
measured at the fair value of the consideration
received or receivable as reduced for estimated
customer credits and other similar allowances.

i. Interest and dividend income:

Interest income is recognised in the Statement of
Profit and Loss and for all financial instruments
except for those classified as held for trading or
those measured or designated as at fair value
through profit or loss (FVTPL) is measured using
the effective interest method (EIR).

The calculation of the EIR includes all fees and
points paid or received between parties to the
contract that are incremental and directly
attributable to the specific lending arrangement,
transaction costs, and all other premiums or
discounts. For financial assets at FVTPL transaction
costs are recognised in profit or loss at initial
recognition.

The interest income is calculated by applying the
EIR to the gross carrying amount of non-credit
impaired financial assets (i.e. at the amortised cost
of the financial asset before adjusting for any
expected credit loss allowance). For credit-
impaired financial assets the interest income is
calculated by applying the EIR to the amortised
cost of the credit-impaired financial assets (i.e. the
gross carrying amount less the allowance for

expected credit losses (ECLs)). For financial assets
originated or purchased credit-impaired (POCI)
the EIR reflects the ECLs in determining the future
cash flows expected to be received from the
financial asset.

Dividend income is recognised when the
Company''s right to receive dividend is established
by the reporting date and no significant
uncertainty as to collectability exists.

ii. Rental Income:

Income from operating leases is recognised in the
Statement of profit and loss as per contractual
rentals unless another systematic basis is more
representative of the time pattern in which
benefit derived from the leased asset is
diminished.

iii. Net gain or fair value change:

Any differences between the fair values of the
financial assets classified as fair value through the
profit or loss, held by the Company on the balance
sheet date is recognised as an unrealised gain/loss
in the statement of profit and loss. In cases there
is a net gain in aggregate, the same is recognised
in "Net gains or fair value changes" under revenue
from operations and if there is a net loss the same
is disclosed "Expenses", in the statement of profit
and loss.

iv. Income from financial instruments at FVTPL:

Income from financial instruments at FVTPL
includes all gains and losses from changes in the
fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities
at FVTPL except those that are held for trading.

v. Other operational revenue:

Other operational revenue represents income
earned from the activities incidental to the
business and is recognised when the right to
receive the income is established as per the terms
of the contract.

2.5. Property, plant and equipment (PPE):

i. PPE is recognised when it is probable that future
economic benefits associated with the item will
flow to the Company and the cost of the item
can be measured reliably. PPE is stated at
original cost net of tax/duty credits availed, if
any, less accumulated depreciation and
cumulative impairment, if any. Cost includes all
direct cost related to the acquisition of PPE and,
for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised
in accordance with the Company''s accounting
policy.

ii. For transition to Ind AS, the Company has
elected to adopt as deemed cost, the carrying
value of PPE measured as per Previous GAAP
less accumulated depreciation and cumulative
impairment on the transition date of April 1,
2017. In respect of revalued assets, the value as
determined by valuers as reduced by

accumulated depreciation and cumulative
impairment is taken as cost on transition date.

iii. Land and buildings held for use are stated in the
balance sheet at cost less accumulated
depreciation and accumulated impairment
losses. Freehold land is not depreciated.

iv. PPE not ready for the intended use on the date
of the Balance Sheet are disclosed as "capital
work-in-progress".

v. Depreciation is recognised using straight line
method so as to write off the cost of the assets
(other than freehold land)) less their residual
values over their useful lives specified in
Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, or in
case of assets where the useful life was
determined by technical evaluation, over the
useful life so determined. Depreciation method
is reviewed at each financial year end to reflect
expected pattern of consumption of the future
economic benefits embodied in the asset. The
estimated useful life and residual values are also
reviewed at each financial year end with the
effect of any change in the estimates of useful
life/ residual value is accounted on prospective
basis.

vi. Depreciation for additions to/deductions from,
owned assets is calculated pro rata to the period
of use. Depreciation charge for impaired assets
is adjusted in future periods in such a manner
that the revised carrying amount of the asset is
allocated over its remaining useful life.

vii. Assets held under finance leases are depreciated
over the shorter of lease term and their useful
life on the same basis as owned assets.
However, when there is no reasonable certainty
that the Company shall obtain ownership of the
assets at the end of the lease term, such assets
are depreciated based on the useful life
prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies
Act, 2013 or based on the useful life adopted by
the Company for similar assets.

viii. An item of property, plant and equipment is
derecognised upon disposal or when no future
economic benefits are expected to arise from
the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss
arising on the disposal or retirement of an item
of property, plant and equipment is recognised
in profit or loss.

2.6. Intangible assets:

i. Intangible assets are recognised when it is
probable that the future economic benefits that
are attributable to the asset will flow to the
enterprise and the cost of the asset can be
measured reliably. Intangible assets are stated
at original cost net of tax/duty credits availed, if
any, less accumulated amortisation and
cumulative impairment. Direct expenses and
administrative and other general overhead
expenses that are specifically attributable to
acquisition of intangible assets are allocated and
capitalised as a part of the cost of the intangible
assets.

ii. Intangible assets not ready for the intended use
on the date of Balance Sheet are disclosed as
"Intangible assets under development".

iii. Intangible assets are amortised on straight line
basis over the estimated useful life. The method
of amortisation and useful life are reviewed at
the end of each accounting year with the effect
of any changes in the estimate being accounted
for on a prospective basis.

iv. An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal,
or when no future economic benefits are
expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses
arising from derecognition of an intangible asset
are recognised in profit or loss when the asset is
derecognised.

2.7. Investment property:

i. Investment properties are properties (including
those under construction) held to earn rentals
and/ or capital appreciation are classified as
investment property and are measured and
reported at cost, including transaction costs.

ii. For transition to Ind AS, the group has elected to
adopt as deemed cost, the carrying value of
investment property as per Previous GAAP less
accumulated depreciation and cumulative
impairment on the transition date of April 01,
2018. In respect of revalued assets, the value as
determined by valuers as reduced by
accumulated depreciation and cumulative
impairment is taken as cost on transition date.

iii. Depreciation is recognised using straight line
method so as to write off the cost of the
investment property less their residual values
over their useful lives specified in Schedule II to
the Companies Act, 2013, or in the case of assets
where the useful life was determined by
technical evaluation, over the useful life so
determined.

iv. Depreciation method is reviewed at each
financial year end to reflect the expected
pattern of consumption of the future benefits
embodied in the investment property. The
estimated useful life and residual values are also
reviewed at each financial year end and the
effect of any change in the estimates of useful
life/ residual value is accounted on prospective
basis. Freehold land and properties under
construction are not depreciated

v. An investment property is derecognised upon
disposal or when the investment property is
permanently withdrawn from use and no future
economic benefits are expected from the
disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de¬
recognition of property is recognised in the
Statement of Profit and Loss in the same period.

2.8. Impairment of tangible and intangible assets other

than goodwill:

i. As at the end of each accounting year, the
Company reviews the carrying amounts of its
PPE and intangible assets to determine whether
there is any indication that those assets have
suffered an impairment loss. If such indication
exists, the PPE, investment property and
intangible assets are tested for impairment so as
to determine the impairment loss, if any.
Goodwill and the intangible assets with
indefinite life are tested for impairment each
year.

ii. Impairment loss is recognised when the carrying
amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable
amount. Recoverable amount is determined:

a. in the case of an individual asset, at the
higher of the net selling price and the value
in use; and

b. in the case of a cash generating unit (the
smallest identifiable Company of assets
that generates independent cash flows), at
the higher of the cash generating unit''s net
selling price and the value in use.

iii. Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value
less costs of disposal and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
flows are discounted to their present value using
a pretax discount rate that reflects current
market assessments of the time value of money
and the risks specific to the asset for which the
estimates of future cash flows have not been
adjusted.

iv. If recoverable amount of an asset (or cash
generating unit) is estimated to be less than its
carrying amount, such deficit is recognised
immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss
as impairment loss and the carrying amount of
the asset (or cash generating unit) is reduced to
its recoverable amount. For this purpose, the
impairment loss recognised in respect of a cash
generating unit is allocated first to reduce the
carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to
such cash generating unit and then to reduce the
carrying amount of the other assets of the cash
generating unit on a pro-rata basis.

v. When an impairment loss subsequently
reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or
cash generating unit), except for allocated
goodwill, is increased to the revised estimate of
its recoverable amount, but so that the
increased carrying amount does not exceed the
carrying amount that would have been
determined had no impairment loss is
recognised for the asset (or cash generating unit)
in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss
(other than impairment loss allocated to

goodwill) is recognised immediately in the
Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.9. Employee benefits:

i. Short term employee benefits:

Employee benefits falling due wholly within
twelve months of rendering the service are
classified as short term employee benefits and
are expensed in the period in which the
employee renders the related service. Liabilities
recognised in respect of short-term employee
benefits are measured at the undiscounted
amount of the benefits expected to be paid in
exchange for the related service.

ii. Termination benefits:

Termination benefits such as compensation
under employee separation schemes are
recognised as expense when the Company''s
offer of the termination benefit is accepted or
when the Company recognises the related
restructuring costs whichever is earlier.

2.10. Leases:

The Company determines whether an arrangement
contains a lease by assessing whether the fulfilment
of a transaction is dependent on the use of a specific
asset and whether the transaction conveys the right
to control the use of that asset to the Company in
return for payment.

i. The Company as lessee

The Company accounts for each lease
component within the contract as a lease
separately from non-lease components of the
contract and allocates the consideration in the
contract to each lease component on the basis
of the relative stand-alone price of the lease
component and the aggregate stand-alone price
of the non-lease components. The Company
recognises right-of-use asset representing its
right to use the underlying asset for the lease
term at the lease commencement date. The cost
of the right-of-use asset measured at inception
comprises of the amount of initial measurement
of the lease liability adjusted for any lease
payments made at or before the
commencement date.

Certain lease arrangements include options to
extend or terminate the lease before the end of
the lease term. The right-of-use assets and lease
liabilities include these options when it is
reasonably certain that such options would be
exercised.

The right-of-use assets is subsequently
measured at cost less any accumulated
depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if
any and adjusted for any re-measurement of the
lease liability. The right-of-use assets is
depreciated using the straight-line method from
the commencement date over the shorter of
lease term or useful life of right-of-use asset
Assets given under a finance lease are

recognised as a receivable at an amount equal
to the net investment in the lease. Lease income
is recognised over the period of the lease so as
to yield a constant rate of return on the net
investment in the lease.

Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment
whenever there is any indication that their
carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the
statement of profit and loss.

Lease liability is measured at the present value
of the lease payments that are not paid at the
commencement date of the lease. The lease
payments are discounted using the interest rate
implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily
determined. If that rate cannot be readily
determined, the Company uses incremental
borrowing rate. The lease liability is
subsequently remeasured by increasing the
carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease
liability, reducing the carrying amount to reflect
the lease payments made and remeasuring the
carrying amount to reflect any reassessment or
lease modifications. The Company recognises
the amount of the re-measurement of lease
liability as an adjustment to the right-of-use
asset. Where the carrying amount of the right-
of-use asset is reduced to zero and there is a
further reduction in the measurement of the
lease liability, the Company recognises any
remaining amount of the re-measurement in
statement of profit and loss.

Variable lease payments not included in the
measurement of the lease liabilities are
expensed to the statement of profit and loss in
the period in which the events or conditions
which trigger those payments occur.

In a sale and lease back transaction, the
Company measures right-of-use asset arising
from the leaseback as the proportion of the
previous carrying amount of the asset that
relates to the right-of-use retained. The gain or
loss that the company recognises in the
statement of profit and loss is limited to the
proportion of the total gain or loss that relates
to the rights transferred to the buyer.

ii. The Company as lessor

a. Operating lease - Rental income from
operating leases is recognised in the
statement of profit and loss on a straight¬
line basis over the term of the relevant lease
unless another systematic basis is more
representative of the time pattern in which
economic benefits from the leased asset is
diminished. Initial direct costs incurred in
negotiating and arranging an operating
lease are added to the carrying value of the
leased asset and recognised on a straight¬
line basis over the lease term.

b. Finance lease -When assets are leased out
under a finance lease, the present value of
minimum lease payments is recognised as a
receivable. The difference between the
gross receivable and the present value of
receivable is recognised as unearned
finance income. Lease income is recognised
over the term of the lease using the net
investment method before tax, which
reflects a constant periodic rate of return.

2.11. Financial instruments:

Financial assets and financial liabilities are
recognised in the Company''s balance sheet when
the Company becomes a party to the contractual
provisions of the instrument.

Recognised financial assets and financial liabilities
are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs
that are directly attributable to the acquisition or
issue of financial assets and financial liabilities
(other than financial assets and financial liabilities at
FVTPL) are added to or deducted from the fair value
of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as
appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs
directly attributable to the acquisition of financial
assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL are recognised
immediately in profit or loss.

A financial asset and a financial liability is offset and
presented on net basis in the balance sheet when
there is a current legally enforceable right to set-off
the recognised amounts and it is intended to either
settle on net basis or to realise the asset and settle
the liability simultaneously.

i. Financial assets

A. Financial assets at amortised cost

Financial assets are subsequently
measured at amortised cost using the
effective interest rate (EIR) if these
financial assets are held within a business
model whose objective is to hold these
assets in order to collect contractual cash
flows and the contractual terms of the
financial asset give rise on specified dates
to cash flows that are solely payments of
principal and interest on the principal
amount outstanding.

B. Financial assets at fair value through
other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

Financial assets are measured at fair value
through other comprehensive income if
these financial assets are held within a
business model whose objective is
achieved by both collecting contractual
cash flows that give rise on specified dates
to sole payments of principal and interest
on the principal amount outstanding and
by selling financial assets.

C. Debt instruments at amortised cost or at
FVTOCI

The Company assesses the classification
and measurement of a financial asset
based on the contractual cash flow
characteristics of the asset and the
Company''s business model for managing
the asset.

For an asset to be classified and measured
at amortised cost, its contractual terms
should give rise to cash flows that are
solely payments of principal and interest
on the principal outstanding (SPPI).

For an asset to be classified and measured
at FVTOCI, the asset is held within a
business model whose objective is
achieved both by collecting contractual
cash flows and selling financial assets; and
the contractual terms of instrument give
rise on specified dates to cash flows that
are solely payments of principal and
interest on the principal amount
outstanding.

The Company has more than one business
model for managing its financial
instruments which reflect how the
Company manages its financial assets in
order to generate cash flows. The
Company''s business models determine
whether cash flows will result from
collecting contractual cash flows, selling
financial assets or both.

The Company considers all relevant
information available when making the
business model assessment. However this
assessment is not performed on the basis
of scenarios that the Company does not
reasonably expect to occur, such as so-
called ''worst case'' or ''stress case''
scenarios. The Company takes into
account all relevant evidence available
such as:

i. how the performance of the business
model and the financial assets held
within that business model are
evaluated and reported to the entity''s
key management personnel;

ii. the risks that affect the performance
of the business model (and the
financial assets held within that
business model) and, in particular, the
way in which those risks are managed;
and

iii. how managers of the business are
compensated (e.g. whether the
compensation is based on the fair
value of the assets managed or on the
contractual cash flows collected).

The Company reassess its business models
each reporting period to determine
whether the business models have
changed since the preceding period. For
the current and prior reporting period the
Company has not identified a change in its
business models.

When a debt instrument measured at
FVTOCI is derecognised, the cumulative
gain/loss previously recognised in OCI is
reclassified from equity to profit or loss. In
contrast, for an equity investment
designated as measured at FVTOCI, the
cumulative gain/loss previously
recognised in OCI is not subsequently
reclassified to profit or loss but
transferred within equity.

Debt instruments that are subsequently
measured at amortised cost or at FVTOCI
are subject to impairment.

D. Financial assets at fair value through
profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial assets are measured at fair value
through profit or loss unless it is measured
at amortised cost or at fair value through
other comprehensive income on initial
recognition. The transaction costs directly
attributable to the acquisition of financial
assets and liabilities at fair value through
profit or loss are immediately recognised
in profit or loss.

E. De-recognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a
part of a financial asset or part of a
Company of similar financial assets) is
primarily de-recognised when:

i. The rights to receive cash flows from
the asset have expired, or

ii. The Company has transferred its
rights to receive cash flows from the
asset or has assumed an obligation to
pay the received cash flows in full
without material delay to a third party
under a ''pass-through'' arrangement;
and

iii. either (a) the Company has
transferred substantially all the risks
and rewards of the asset, or (b) the
Company has neither transferred nor
retained substantially all the risks and
rewards of the asset, but has
transferred control of the asset.

The transferred asset and the associated
liability are measured on a basis that
reflects the rights and obligations that the
Company has retained.

ii. Financial liabilities

a. Financial liabilities, including derivatives,
which are designated for measurement at
FVTPL are subsequently measured at fair
value. Financial guarantee contracts are
subsequently measured at the amount of
impairment loss allowance or the amount
recognised at inception net of cumulative
amortisation, whichever is higher.

All other financial liabilities including loans
and borrowings are measured at amortised
cost using Effective Interest Rate (EIR)
method.

b. A financial liability is derecognised when the
related obligation expires or is discharged or
cancelled.

2.12. Write off:

Loans and debt securities are written off when the
Company has no reasonable expectations of
recovering the financial asset (either in its entirety or
a portion of it). This is the case when the Company
determines that the borrower does not have assets or
sources of income that could generate sufficient cash
flows to repay the amounts subject to the write-off. A
write-off constitutes a derecognition event. The
Company may apply enforcement activities to
financial assets written off. Recoveries resulting from
the Company''s enforcement activities will result in
impairment gains.

2.13. Impairment:

The Company recognises loss allowances for ECLs on
the following financial instruments that are not
measured at FVTPL:

i. Loans and advances to customers;

ii. Debt investment securities;

iii. Trade and other receivable;

iv. Lease receivables;

v. Irrevocable loan commitments issued; and

vi. Financial guarantee contracts issued.

Credit-impaired financial assets

A financial asset is ''credit-impaired'' when one or more
events that have a detrimental impact on the
estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have
occurred. Credit-impaired financial assets are referred
to as Stage 3 assets. Evidence of credit impairment
includes observable data about the following events:

i. significant financial difficulty of the borrower or
issuer;

ii. a breach of contract such as a default or past
due event;

iii. the lender of the borrower, for economic or
contractual reasons relating to the borrower''s
financial difficulty, having granted to the
borrower a concession that the lender would
not otherwise consider;

iv. the disappearance of an active market for a
security because of financial difficulties; or

v. the purchase of a financial asset at a deep
discount that reflects the incurred credit losses.

It may not be possible to identify a single discrete
event—instead, the combined effect of several events
may have caused financial assets to become credit-
impaired. The Company assesses whether debt
instruments that are financial assets measured at
amortised cost or FVTOCI are credit-impaired at each
reporting date. To assess if corporate debt
instruments are credit impaired, the Company
considers factors such as bond yields, credit ratings
and the ability of the borrower to raise funding.

A loan is considered credit-impaired when a
concession is granted to the borrower due to a
deterioration in the borrower''s financial condition,
unless there is evidence that as a result of granting the
concession the risk of not receiving the contractual
cash flows has reduced significantly and there are no
other indicators of impairment. For financial assets
where concessions are contemplated but not granted
the asset is deemed credit impaired when there is
observable evidence of credit-impairment including
meeting the definition of default. The definition of
default (see below) includes unlikeliness to pay
indicators and a back-stop if amounts are overdue for
90 days or more.

Significant increase in credit risk

The Company monitors all financial assets and
financial guarantee contracts that are subject to the
impairment requirements to assess whether there has
been a significant increase in credit risk since initial
recognition. If there has been a significant increase in
credit risk the Company will measure the loss
allowance based on lifetime rather than 12-month
ECL.

In assessing whether the credit risk on a financial
instrument has increased significantly since initial
recognition, the Company compares the risk of a
default occurring on the financial instrument at the
reporting date based on the remaining maturity of the
instrument with the risk of a default occurring that
was anticipated for the remaining maturity at the
current reporting date when the financial instrument
was first recognised. In making this assessment, the
Company considers both quantitative and qualitative
information that is reasonable and supportable,
including historical experience and forward-looking
information that is available without undue cost or
effort, based on the Company''s historical experience
and expert credit assessment.

Given that a significant increase in credit risk since
initial recognition is a relative measure, a given
change, in absolute terms, in the Probability of Default
will be more significant for a financial instrument with
a lower initial PD than compared to a financial
instrument with a higher PD.

As a back-stop when loan asset not being a corporate
loans becomes 30 days past due, the Company

considers that a significant increase in credit risk has
occurred and the asset is in stage 2 of the impairment
model, i.e. the loss allowance is measured as the
lifetime ECL in respect of all retail assets. In respect of
the corporate loan assets, shifting to Stage 2 has been
rebutted using historical evidence from own portfolio
to a threshold of 60 days past due, which is reviewed
annually.

Purchased or originated credit-impaired (POCI)
financial assets

POCI financial assets are treated differently because
the asset is credit-impaired at initial recognition. For
these assets, the Company recognises all changes in
lifetime ECL since initial recognition as a loss
allowance with any changes recognised in profit or
loss. A favourable change for such assets creates an
impairment gain.

Definition of default

Critical to the determination of ECL is the definition of
default. The definition of default is used in measuring
the amount of ECL and in the determination of
whether the loss allowance is based on 12-month or
lifetime ECL, as default is a component of the
probability of default (PD) which affects both the
measurement of ECLs and the identification of a
significant increase in credit risk.

The Company considers the following as constituting
an event of default:

i. the borrower is past due more than 90 days on any
material credit obligation to the Company; or

ii. the borrower is unlikely to pay its credit
obligations to the Company in full.

The definition of default is appropriately tailored to
reflect different characteristics of different types of
assets.

When assessing if the borrower is unlikely to pay its
credit obligation, the Company takes into account
both qualitative and quantitative indicators. The
information assessed depends on the type of the
asset, for example in corporate lending a qualitative
indicator used is the admittance of bankruptcy
petition by National Company Law Tribunal, which is
not relevant for retail lending. Quantitative indicators,
such as overdue status and non-payment on another
obligation of the same counterparty are key inputs in
this analysis. The Company uses a variety of sources of
information to assess default which are either
developed internally or obtained from external
sources. The definition of default is applied
consistently to all financial instruments unless
information becomes available that demonstrates
that another default definition is more appropriate for
a particular financial instrument.

With the exception of POCI financial assets (which are
considered separately below), ECLs are required to be
measured through a loss allowance at an amount
equal to:

i. 12-month ECL, i.e. lifetime ECL that result from
those default events on the financial instrument
that are possible within 12 months after the
reporting date, (referred to as Stage 1); or

ii. full lifetime ECL, i.e. lifetime ECL that result from
all possible default events over the life of the
financial instrument, (referred to as Stage 2 and
Stage 3).

A loss allowance for full lifetime ECL is required for a
financial instrument if the credit risk on that financial
instrument has increased significantly since initial
recognition (and consequently to credit impaired
financial assets). For all other financial instruments,
ECLs are measured at an amount equal to the 12-
month ECL.

ECLs are a probability-weighted estimate of the
present value of credit losses. These are measured as
the present value of the difference between the cash
flows due to the Company under the contract and the
cash flows that the Company expects to receive arising
from the weighting of multiple future economic
scenarios, discounted at the asset''s EIR.

i. for financial guarantee contracts, the ECL is the
difference between the expected payments to
reimburse the holder of the guaranteed debt
instrument less any amounts that the Company
expects to receive from the holder, the debtor or
any other party.

The Company measures ECL on an individual basis, or
on a collective basis for portfolios of loans that share
similar economic risk characteristics.

2.14. Modification and derecognition of financial assets

A modification of a financial asset occurs when the
contractual terms governing the cash flows of a
financial asset are renegotiated or otherwise modified
between initial recognition and maturity of the
financial asset. A modification affects the amount
and/or timing of the contractual cash flows either
immediately or at a future date. In addition, the
introduction or adjustment of existing covenants of an
existing loan may constitute a modification even if
these new or adjusted covenants do not yet affect the
cash flows immediately but may affect the cash flows
depending on whether the covenant is or is not met
(e.g. a change to the increase in the interest rate that
arises when covenants are breached).

The Company renegotiates loans to customers in
financial difficulty to maximise collection and
minimise the risk of default. A loan forbearance is
granted in cases where although the borrower made
all reasonable efforts to pay under the original
contractual terms, there is a high risk of default or
default has already happened and the borrower is
expected to be able to meet the revised terms. The
revised terms in most of the cases include an
extension of the maturity of the loan, changes to the
timing of the cash flows of the loan (principal and
interest repayment), reduction in the amount of cash
flows due (principal and interest forgiveness) and
amendments to covenants.

When a financial asset is modified the Company
assesses whether this modification results in
derecognition. In accordance with the Company''s
policy a modification results in derecognition when it
gives rise to substantially different terms. To
determine if the modified terms are substantially
different from the original contractual terms the
Company considers the following:

i. Qualitative factors, such as contractual cash flows
after modification are no longer SPPI,

ii. Change in currency or change of counterparty,

iii. The extent of change in interest rates, maturity,
covenants.

If these do not clearly indicate a substantial
modification, then;

a. In the case where the financial asset is
derecognised the loss allowance for ECL is
remeasured at the date of derecognition to
determine the net carrying amount of the asset at
that date. The difference between this revised
carrying amount and the fair value of the new
financial asset with the new terms will lead to a
gain or loss on derecognition. The new financial
asset will have a loss allowance measured based
on 12-month ECL except in the rare occasions
where the new loan is considered to be
originated-credit impaired. This applies only in the
case where the fair value of the new loan is
recognised at a significant discount to its revised
par amount because there remains a high risk of
default which has not been reduced by the
modification. The Company monitors credit risk of
modified financial assets by evaluating qualitative
and quantitative information, such as if the
borrower is in past due status under the new
terms.

b. When the contractual terms of a financial asset
are modified and the modification does not result
in derecognition, the Company determines if the
financial asset''s credit risk has increased
significantly since initial recognition by comparing:

i. the remaining lifetime PD estimated based on
data at initial recognition and the original
contractual terms; with

ii. the remaining lifetime PD at the reporting
date based on the modified terms.

For financial assets modified, where modification did
not result in derecognition, the estimate of PD
reflects the Company''s ability to collect the modified
cash flows taking into account the Company''s
previous experience of similar forbearance action, as
well as various behavioural indicators, including the
borrower''s payment performance against the
modified contractual terms. If the credit risk remains
significantly higher than what was expected at initial
recognition the loss allowance will continue to be
measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. The
loss allowance on forborne loans will generally only
be measured based on 12-month ECL when there is
evidence of the borrower''s improved repayment
behaviour following modification leading to a

reversal of the previous significant increase in credit
risk.

Where a modification does not lead to derecognition
the Company calculates the modification gain/loss
comparing the gross carrying amount before and
after the modification (excluding the ECL allowance).
Then the Company measures ECL for the modified
asset, where the expected cash flows arising from the
modified financial asset are included in calculating
the expected cash shortfalls from the original asset.

The Company derecognises a financial asset only
when the contractual rights to the asset''s cash flows
expire (including expiry arising from a modification
with substantially different terms), or when the
financial asset and substantially all the risks and
rewards of ownership of the asset are transferred to
another entity. If the Company neither transfers nor
retains substantially all the risks and rewards of
ownership and continues to control the transferred
asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in
the asset and an associated liability for amounts it
may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially
all the risks and rewards of ownership of a
transferred financial asset, the Company continues
to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a
collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.

On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety,
the difference between the asset''s carrying amount
and the sum of the consideration received and
receivable and the cumulative gain/loss that had
been recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity is
recognised in profit or loss, with the exception of
equity investment designated as measured at
FVTOCI, where the cumulative gain/loss previously
recognised in OCI is not subsequently reclassified to
profit or loss.

On derecognition of a financial asset other than in its
entirety (e.g. when the Company retains an option to
repurchase part of a transferred asset), the Company
allocates the previous carrying amount of the
financial asset between the part it continues to
recognise under continuing involvement, and the
part it no longer recognises on the basis of the
relative fair values of those parts on the date of the
transfer. The difference between the carrying
amount allocated to the part that is no longer
recognised and the sum of the consideration
received for the part no longer recognised and any
cumulative gain/loss allocated to it that had been
recognised in OCI is recognised in profit or loss. A
cumulative gain/loss that had been recognised in OCI
is allocated between the part that continues to be
recognised and the part that is no longer recognised
on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts.
This does not apply for equity investments
designated as measured at FVTOCI, as the cumulative
gain/loss previously recognised in OCI is not
subsequently reclassified to profit or loss.

2.15. Presentation of allowance for ECL in the Balance
Sheet:

Loss allowances for ECL are presented in the
statement of financial position as follows:

i. for financial assets measured at amortised cost:
the financial assets are shown at full value in the
respective notes and provision are separatly
shown

ii. for debt instruments measured at FVTOCI: no loss
allowance is recognised in Balance Sheet as the
carrying amount is at fair value.

2.16. Cash and bank balances:

Cash and bank balances also include fixed deposits,
margin money deposits, earmarked balances with
banks and other bank balances which have
restrictions on repatriation. Short term and liquid
investments being subject to more than insignificant
risk of change in value, are not included as part of
cash and cash equivalents.

2.17. Securities premium account:

i. Securities premium includes:

a. The difference between the face value of the
equity shares and the consideration received in
respect of shares issued pursuant to Stock
Option Scheme.

b. The fair value of the stock options which are
treated as expense, if any, in respect of shares
allotted pursuant to Stock Options Scheme.

ii. The issue expenses of securities which qualify as
equity instruments are written off against
securities premium account.

2.18. Borrowing costs:

Borrowing costs include interest expense calculated
using the effective interest method, finance charges in
respect of assets acquired on finance lease and
exchange differences arising from foreign currency
borrowings, to the extent they are regarded as an
adjustment to interest costs.

Borrowing costs net of any investment income from
the temporary investment of related borrowings, that
are attributable to the acquisition, construction or
production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part
of cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for
its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset
that necessarily requires a substantial period of time
to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other
borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the
period in which they are incurred.

2.19. Share-based payment arrangements:

The stock options granted to employees pursuant to
the Company''s Stock Options Schemes, are measured
at the fair value of the options at the grant date. The
fair value of the options is treated as discount and
accounted as employee compensation cost over the
vesting period on a straight-line basis. The amount
recognised as expense in each year is arrived at based
on the number of grants expected to vest. If a grant
lapses after the vesting period, the cumulative
discount recognised as expense in respect of such
grant is transferred to the general reserve within
equity.

2.20. Accounting and reporting of information for
Operating Segments:

Operating segments are those components of the
business whose operating results are regularly
reviewed by the chief operating decision making body
in the Company to make decisions for performance
assessment and resource allocation. The reporting of
segment information is the same as provided to the
management for the purpose of the performance
assessment and resource allocation to the segments.
Segment accounting policies are in line with the
accounting policies of the Company.

2.21. Foreign currencies:

i. The functional currency and presentation
currency of the Company is Indian Rupee.
Functional currency of the Company and foreign
operations has been determined based on the
primary economic environment in which the
Company and its foreign operations operate
considering the currency in which funds are
generated, spent and retained.

ii. Transactions in currencies other than the
Company''s functional currency are recorded on
initial recognition using the exchange rate at the
transaction date. At each Balance Sheet date,
foreign currency monetary items are reported at
the prevailing closing spot rate. Non-monetary
items that are measured in terms of historical cost
in foreign currency are not retranslated.

Exchange differences that arise on settlement of
monetary items or on reporting of monetary items
at each Balance Sheet date at the closing spot rate
are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss
in the period in which they arise.

iii. Financial statements of foreign operations whose
functional currency is different than Indian Rupees
are translated into Indian Rupees as follows:

a. assets and liabilities for each Balance Sheet
presented are translated at the closing rate at
the date of that Balance Sheet;

b. income and expenses for each income
statement are translated at average exchange
rates; and

c. all resulting exchange differences are
recognised in other comprehensive income
and accumulated in equity as foreign currency
translation reserve for subsequent
reclassification to profit or loss on disposal of
such foreign operations.

2.22. Taxation:

Current Tax:

Tax on income for the current period is determined on
the basis of taxable income (or on the basis of book

profits wherever minimum alternate tax is applicable)
and tax credits computed in accordance with the
provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and based on
the expected outcome of assessments/appeals.

Deferred Tax:

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences
between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities
in the Company''s financial statements and the
corresponding tax bases used in computation of
taxable profit and quantified using the tax rates and
laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the
Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all
taxable temporary differences to the extent that is
probable that taxable profits will be available against
which those deductible temporary differences can be
utilised. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is
reviewed at the end of each reporting period and
reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that
sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all
or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets relating to unabsorbed
depreciation/business losses/losses under the head
"capital gains" are recognised and carried forward to
the extent of available taxable temporary differences
or where there is convincing other evidence that
sufficient future taxable income will be available
against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.
Deferred tax assets in respect of unutilised tax credits
which mainly relate to minimum alternate tax are
recognised to the extent it is probable of such
unutilised tax credits will get realised.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets
reflects the tax consequences that would follow from
the manner in which the Company expects, at the end
of reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying
amount of its assets and liabilities.

Transaction or event which is recognised outside
profit or loss, either in other comprehensive income
or in equity, is recorded along with the tax as
applicable.

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Mar 31, 2025

1 Brief Profile

Elcid Investments Limited (''the Company'') is a Public Company incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 on January 3, 1981 and registered as a Non-Banking Finance Company (NBFC) under section 45-IA of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. The Company is engaged in the business of Investment Activities.

2 Significant Accounting Policies :2.1 Statement of compliance:

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 and the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) issued by Ministry of Corporate Affairs in exercise of the powers conferred by section 133 read with sub-section (1) of section 210A of the Companies Act, 2013. In addition, the guidance notes/ announcements issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) are also applied along with compliance with other statutory promulgations require a different treatment.

2.2 Basis of preparation:

a) The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period.

Fair value measurements under Ind AS are categorised into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:

i. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company can access at reporting date

ii. Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

iii. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the valuation of assets or liabilities

b) The Balance Sheet and the Statement of Profit and Loss are prepared and presented in the format prescribed in the Division III to Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act") applicable for Non-Banking Finance Companies ("NBFC"). The Statement of Cash Flows has been prepared and presented as per the requirements of Ind AS 7 "Statement of Cash Flows". The disclosure requirements with respect to items in the Balance Sheet and Statement of Profit and Loss, as prescribed in the Schedule III to the Act, are presented by way of notes forming part of the financial statements along with the other notes required to be disclosed under the notified accounting Standards and the SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015

2.3 Use of Estimates:

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires the Management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions. These estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Accounting estimates could change from period to period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Appropriate changes in estimates are made as the Management becomes aware of changes in circumstances surrounding the estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

2.4 Revenue recognition: -

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured and there exists reasonable certainty of its recovery. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable as reduced for estimated customer credits and other similar allowances.

i. Interest and dividend income:

Interest income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and for all financial instruments except for those classified as held for trading or those measured or designated as at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) is measured using the effective interest method (EIR).

The calculation of the EIR includes all fees and points paid or received between parties to the contract that are incremental and directly attributable to the specific lending arrangement, transaction costs, and all other premiums or discounts. For financial assets at FVTPL transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss at initial recognition.

The interest income is calculated by applying the EIR to the gross carrying amount of noncredit impaired financial assets (i.e. at the amortised cost of the financial asset before adjusting for any expected credit loss allowance). For credit-impaired financial assets the interest income is calculated by applying the EIR to the amortised cost of the credit-impaired financial assets (i.e. the gross carrying amount less the allowance for expected credit losses (ECLs)). For financial assets originated or purchased credit-impaired (POCI) the EIR reflects the ECLs in determining the future cash flows expected to be received from the financial asset.

Dividend income is recognised when the Company''s right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date and no significant uncertainty as to collectability exists.

ii. Rental Income :

Income from operating leases is recognised in the Statement of profit and loss as per contractual rentals unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which benefit derived from the leased asset is diminished.

iii. Net gain or fair value change:

Any differences between the fair values of the financial assets classified as fair value through the profit or loss, held by the Company on the balance sheet date is recognised as an unrealised gain/loss in the statement of profit

and loss. In cases there is a net gain in aggregate, the same is recognised in "Net gains or fair value changes" under revenue from operations and if there is a net loss the same is disclosed "Expenses", in the statement of profit and loss.

iv. Income from financial instruments at FVTPL:

Income from financial instruments at FVTPL includes all gains and losses from changes in the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities at FVTPL except those that are held for trading.

v. Other operational revenue:

Other operational revenue represents income earned from the activities incidental to the business and is recognised when the right to receive the income is established as per the terms of the contract.

2.5 Property, plant and equipment (PPE):

i. PPE is recognised when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. PPE is stated at original cost net of tax/duty credits availed, if any, less accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment, if any. Cost includes all direct cost related to the acquisition of PPE and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs capitalised in accordance with the Company''s accounting policy.

ii. For transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to adopt as deemed cost, the carrying value of PPE measured as per Previous GAAP less accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment on the transition date of April 1, 2017. In respect of revalued assets, the value as determined by valuers as reduced by accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment is taken as cost on transition date.

iii. Land and buildings held for use are stated in the balance sheet at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Freehold land is not depreciated.

iv. PPE not ready for the intended use on the date of the Balance Sheet are disclosed as "capital work-in-progress".

v. Depreciation is recognised using straight line method so as to write off the cost of the assets

(other than freehold land)) less their residual values over their useful lives specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, or in case of assets where the useful life was determined by technical evaluation, over the useful life so determined. Depreciation method is reviewed at each financial year end to reflect expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset. The estimated useful life and residual values are also reviewed at each financial year end with the effect of any change in the estimates of useful life/ residual value is accounted on prospective basis.

vi. Depreciation for additions to/deductions from, owned assets is calculated pro rata to the period of use. Depreciation charge for impaired assets is adjusted in future periods in such a manner that the revised carrying amount of the asset is allocated over its remaining useful life.

vii. Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over the shorter of lease term and their useful life on the same basis as owned assets. However, when there is no reasonable certainty that the Company shall obtain ownership of the assets at the end of the lease term, such assets are depreciated based on the useful life prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 or based on the useful life adopted by the Company for similar assets.

viii. An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in profit or loss.

2.6 Intangible assets:

i. Intangible assets are recognised when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. Intangible assets are stated at original cost net of tax/duty credits availed, if any, less accumulated amortisation and cumulative impairment. Direct expenses and administrative and other general overhead expenses that are specifically attributable to acquisition of intangible assets are allocated

and capitalised as a part of the cost of the intangible assets.

ii. Intangible assets not ready for the intended use on the date of Balance Sheet are disclosed as "Intangible assets under development".

iii. Intangible assets are amortised on straight line basis over the estimated useful life. The method of amortisation and useful life are reviewed at the end of each accounting year with the effect of any changes in the estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

iv. An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.

2.7 Investment property:

i. Investment properties are properties (including those under construction) held to earn rentals and/ or capital appreciation are classified as investment property and are measured and reported at cost, including transaction costs.

ii. For transition to Ind AS, the group has elected to adopt as deemed cost, the carrying value of investment property as per Previous GAAP less accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment on the transition date of April 01, 2018. In respect of revalued assets, the value as determined by valuers as reduced by accumulated depreciation and cumulative impairment is taken as cost on transition date.

iii. Depreciation is recognised using straight line method so as to write off the cost of the investment property less their residual values over their useful lives specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, or in the case of assets where the useful life was determined by technical evaluation, over the useful life so determined.

iv. Depreciation method is reviewed at each financial year end to reflect the expected pattern of consumption of the future benefits embodied in the investment property. The estimated useful life and residual values are also reviewed at each financial year end and the effect of any change in the estimates of useful life/ residual value is accounted on prospective

basis. Freehold land and properties under construction are not depreciated.

v. An investment property is derecognised upon disposal or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefits are expected from the disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of property is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the same period.

2.8 Impairment of tangible and intangible assets other

than goodwill

i. As at the end of each accounting year, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its PPE and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If such indication exists, the PPE, investment property and intangible assets are tested for impairment so as to determine the impairment loss, if any. Goodwill and the intangible assets with indefinite life are tested for impairment each year.

ii. Impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is determined:

a. in the case of an individual asset, at the higher of the net selling price and the value in use; and

b. in the case of a cash generating unit (the smallest identifiable Company of assets that generates independent cash flows), at the higher of the cash generating unit''s net selling price and the value in use.

iii. Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pretax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

iv. If recoverable amount of an asset (or cash generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, such deficit is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss as impairment loss and the carrying amount of the asset (or cash generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. For this purpose, the

impairment loss recognised in respect of a cash generating unit is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to such cash generating unit and then to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets of the cash generating unit on a pro-rata basis.

v. When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash generating unit), except for allocated goodwill, is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss is recognised for the asset (or cash generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss (other than impairment loss allocated to goodwill) is recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.9 Employee benefits:

i. Short term employee benefits:

Employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short term employee benefits and are expensed in the period in which the employee renders the related service. Liabilities recognised in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

ii. Termination benefits:

Termination benefits such as compensation under employee separation schemes are recognised as expense when the Company''s offer of the termination benefit is accepted or when the Company recognises the related restructuring costs whichever is earlier.

2.10 Leases:

The Company determines whether an arrangement contains a lease by assessing whether the fulfilment of a transaction is dependent on the use of a specific asset and whether the transaction conveys the right to control the use of that asset to the Company in return for payment.

i. The Company as lessee

The Company accounts for each lease component within the contract as a lease

separately from nonlease components of the contract and allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of the relative stand-alone price of the lease component and the aggregate stand-alone price of the non-lease components. The Company recognises right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term at the lease commencement date. The cost of the right-of-use asset measured at inception comprises of the amount of initial measurement of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date.

Certain lease arrangements include options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. The right-of-use assets and lease liabilities include these options when it is reasonably certain that such options would be exercised.

The right-of-use assets is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any re-measurement of the lease liability. The right-of-use assets is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term or useful life of right-of-use assetAssets given under a finance lease are recognised as a receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease. Lease income is recognised over the period of the lease so as to yield a constant rate of return on the net investment in the lease.

Right-of-use assets are tested for impairment whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Lease liability is measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date of the lease. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses incremental borrowing rate. The lease liability is subsequently remeasured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability, reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made and remeasuring the carrying amount to reflect any reassessment or lease modifications. The Company recognises the amount of the re-measurement of lease liability as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset. Where the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset is reduced to zero and there is a further reduction in the measurement of the lease liability, the Company recognises any remaining amount of the re-measurement in statement of profit and loss.

Variable lease payments not included in the measurement of the lease liabilities are expensed to the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the events or conditions which trigger those payments occur.

In a sale and lease back transaction, the Company measures right-of-use asset arising from the leaseback as the proportion of the previous carrying amount of the asset that relates to the right-of-use retained. The gain or loss that the company recognises in the statement of profit and loss is limited to the proportion of the total gain or loss that relates to the rights transferred to the buyer.

ii. The Company as lessor

a. Operating lease - Rental income from operating leases is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a straightline basis over the term of the relevant lease unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset is diminished. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying value of the leased asset and recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

b. Finance lease -When assets are leased out under a finance lease, the present value of minimum lease payments is recognised as a receivable. The difference between the gross receivable and the present value of receivable is recognised as unearned finance income. Lease income is recognised over the term of the lease using the net investment method before tax, which reflects a constant periodic rate of return.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Company''s balance sheet when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Recognised financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at FVTPL) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL are recognised immediately in profit or loss.

A financial asset and a financial liability is offset and presented on net basis in the balance sheet when there is a current legally enforceable right to set-off the recognised amounts and it is intended to either settle on net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

I. Financial assetsa. Financial assets at amortised cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) if these financial assets are held within a business model whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

b. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows that give rise on specified dates to sole payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding and by selling financial assets.

c. Debt instruments at amortised cost or at FVTOCI

The Company assesses the classification and measurement of a financial asset based on the

contractual cash flow characteristics of the asset and the Company''s business model for managing the asset.

For an asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost, its contractual terms should give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding (SPPI).

For an asset to be classified and measured at FVTOCI, the asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and the contractual terms of instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

The Company has more than one business model for managing its financial instruments which reflect how the Company manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The Company''s business models determine whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling financial assets or both.

The Company considers all relevant information available when making the business model assessment. However this assessment is not performed on the basis of scenarios that the Company does not reasonably expect to occur, such as so-called ''worst case'' or ''stress case'' scenarios. The Company takes into account all relevant evidence available such as:

i. how the performance of the business model and the financial assets held within that business model are evaluated and reported to the entity''s key management personnel;

ii. the risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and, in particular, the way in which those risks are managed; and

iii. how managers of the business are compensated (e.g. whether the compensation is based on the fair value of the assets managed or on the contractual cash flows collected).

The Company reassess its business models each reporting period to determine whether the

business models have changed since the preceding period. For the current and prior reporting period the Company has not identified a change in its business models.

When a debt instrument measured at FVTOCI is derecognised, the cumulative gain/loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit or loss. In contrast, for an equity investment designated as measured at FVTOCI, the cumulative gain/loss previously recognised in OCI is not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss but transferred within equity.

Debt instruments that are subsequently measured at amortised cost or at FVTOCI are subject to impairment.

d. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are immediately recognised in profit or loss.

e. De-recognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily de-recognised when:

i. The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

ii. The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ''passthrough'' arrangement; and

iii. either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

a. Financial liabilities, including derivatives, which are designated for measurement at FVTPL are subsequently measured at fair value. Financial guarantee contracts are subsequently measured at the amount of impairment loss allowance or the amount recognised at inception net of cumulative amortisation, whichever is higher.

All other financial liabilities including loans and borrowings are measured at amortised cost using Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method.

b. A financial liability is derecognised when the related obligation expires or is discharged or cancelled.

2.12 Write off:

Loans and debt securities are written off when the Company has no reasonable expectations of recovering the financial asset (either in its entirety or a portion of it). This is the case when the Company determines that the borrower does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the writeoff. A write-off constitutes a derecognition event. The Company may apply enforcement activities to financial assets written off. Recoveries resulting from the Company''s enforcement activities will result in impairment gains.

2.13 Impairment:

The Company recognises loss allowances for ECLs on the following financial instruments that are not measured at FVTPL:

i. Loans and advances to customers;

ii. Debt investment securities;

iii. Trade and other receivable;

iv. Lease receivables;

v. Irrevocable loan commitments issued; and

vi. Financial guarantee contracts issued.

Credit-impaired financial assets

A financial asset is ''credit-impaired'' when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred. Credit-impaired financial assets are referred to as Stage 3 assets. Evidence of creditimpairment includes observable data about the following events:

i. significant financial difficulty of the borrower or issuer;

ii. a breach of contract such as a default or past due event;

iii. the lender of the borrower, for economic or contractual reasons relating to the borrower''s financial difficulty, having granted to the borrower a concession that the lender would not otherwise consider;

iv. the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties; or

v. the purchase of a financial asset at a deep discount that reflects the incurred credit losses.

It may not be possible to identify a single discrete event—instead, the combined effect of several events may have caused financial assets to become credit-impaired. The Company assesses whether debt instruments that are financial assets measured at amortised cost or FVTOCI are credit-impaired at each reporting date. To assess if corporate debt instruments are credit impaired, the Company considers factors such as bond yields, credit ratings and the ability of the borrower to raise funding.

A loan is considered credit-impaired when a concession is granted to the borrower due to a deterioration in the borrower''s financial condition, unless there is evidence that as a result of granting the concession the risk of not receiving the contractual cash flows has reduced significantly and there are no other indicators of impairment. For financial assets where concessions are contemplated but not granted the asset is deemed credit impaired when there is observable evidence of credit-impairment including meeting the definition of default. The definition of default (see below) includes unlikeliness to pay indicators and a back-stop if amounts are overdue for 90 days or more.

Significant increase in credit risk

The Company monitors all financial assets and financial guarantee contracts that are subject to the impairment requirements to assess whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. If there has been a significant increase in credit risk the Company will measure the loss allowance based on lifetime rather than 12-month ECL.

In assessing whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument at the

reporting date based on the remaining maturity of the instrument with the risk of a default occurring that was anticipated for the remaining maturity at the current reporting date when the financial instrument was first recognised. In making this assessment, the Company considers both quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including historical experience and forward-looking information that is available without undue cost or effort, based on the Company''s historical experience and expert credit assessment.

Given that a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition is a relative measure, a given change, in absolute terms, in the Probability of Default will be more significant for a financial instrument with a lower initial PD than compared to a financial instrument with a higher PD.

As a back-stop when loan asset not being a corporate loans becomes 30 days past due, the Company considers that a significant increase in credit risk has occurred and the asset is in stage 2 of the impairment model, i.e. the loss allowance is measured as the lifetime ECL in respect of all retail assets. In respect of the corporate loan assets, shifting to Stage 2 has been rebutted using historical evidence from own portfolio to a threshold of 60 days past due, which is reviewed annually.

Purchased or originated credit-impaired (POCI) financial assets

POCI financial assets are treated differently because the asset is credit-impaired at initial recognition. For these assets, the Company recognises all changes in lifetime ECL since initial recognition as a loss allowance with any changes recognised in profit or loss. A favourable change for such assets creates an impairment gain.

Definition of default

Critical to the determination of ECL is the definition of default. The definition of default is used in measuring the amount of ECL and in the determination of whether the loss allowance is based on 12-month or lifetime ECL, as default is a component of the probability of default (PD) which affects both the measurement of ECLs and the identification of a significant increase in credit risk.

The Company considers the following as constituting an event of default:

i. the borrower is past due more than 90 days on

any material credit obligation to the Company; or

ii. the borrower is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to the Company in full.

The definition of default is appropriately tailored to reflect different characteristics of different types of assets.

When assessing if the borrower is unlikely to pay its credit obligation, the Company takes into account both qualitative and quantitative indicators. The information assessed depends on the type of the asset, for example in corporate lending a qualitative indicator used is the admittance of bankruptcy petition by National Company Law Tribunal, which is not relevant for retail lending. Quantitative indicators, such as overdue status and non-payment on another obligation of the same counterparty are key inputs in this analysis. The Company uses a variety of sources of information to assess default which are either developed internally or obtained from external sources. The definition of default is applied consistently to all financial instruments unless information becomes available that demonstrates that another default definition is more appropriate for a particular financial instrument.

With the exception of POCI financial assets (which are considered separately below), ECLs are required to be measured through a loss allowance at an amount equal to:

i. 12-month ECL, i.e. lifetime ECL that result from those default events on the financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date, (referred to as Stage 1); or

ii. full lifetime ECL, i.e. lifetime ECL that result from all possible default events over the life of the financial instrument, (referred to as Stage 2 and Stage 3).

A loss allowance for full lifetime ECL is required for a financial instrument if the credit risk on that financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition (and consequently to credit impaired financial assets). For all other financial instruments, ECLs are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month ECL.

ECLs are a probability-weighted estimate of the present value of credit losses. These are measured as the present value of the difference between the cash flows due to the Company under the contract and

the cash flows that the Company expects to receive arising from the weighting of multiple future economic scenarios, discounted at the asset''s EIR.

i. for financial guarantee contracts, the ECL is the difference between the expected payments to reimburse the holder of the guaranteed debt instrument less any amounts that the Company expects to receive from the holder, the debtor or any other party.

The Company measures ECL on an individual basis, or on a collective basis for portfolios of loans that share similar economic risk characteristics.

2.14 Modification and derecognition of financial assets

A modification of a financial asset occurs when the contractual terms governing the cash flows of a financial asset are renegotiated or otherwise modified between initial recognition and maturity of the financial asset. A modification affects the amount and/ or timing of the contractual cash flows either immediately or at a future date. In addition, the introduction or adjustment of existing covenants of an existing loan may constitute a modification even if these new or adjusted covenants do not yet affect the cash flows immediately but may affect the cash flows depending on whether the covenant is or is not met (e.g. a change to the increase in the interest rate that arises when covenants are breached).

The Company renegotiates loans to customers in financial difficulty to maximise collection and minimise the risk of default. A loan forbearance is granted in cases where although the borrower made all reasonable efforts to pay under the original contractual terms, there is a high risk of default or default has already happened and the borrower is expected to be able to meet the revised terms. The revised terms in most of the cases include an extension of the maturity of the loan, changes to the timing of the cash flows of the loan (principal and interest repayment), reduction in the amount of cash flows due (principal and interest forgiveness) and amendments to covenants.

When a financial asset is modified the Company assesses whether this modification results in derecognition. In accordance with the Company''s policy a modification results in derecognition when it gives rise to substantially different terms. To determine if the modified terms are substantially different from the original contractual terms the Company considers the following:

i. Qualitative factors, such as contractual cash flows after modification are no longer SPPI,

ii. Change in currency or change of counterparty,

iii. The extent of change in interest rates, maturity, covenants.

If these do not clearly indicate a substantial modification, then;

a. In the case where the financial asset is derecognised the loss allowance for ECL is remeasured at the date of derecognition to determine the net carrying amount of the asset at that date. The difference between this revised carrying amount and the fair value of the new financial asset with the new terms will lead to a gain or loss on derecognition. The new financial asset will have a loss allowance measured based on 12-month ECL except in the rare occasions where the new loan is considered to be originated-credit impaired. This applies only in the case where the fair value of the new loan is recognised at a significant discount to its revised par amount because there remains a high risk of default which has not been reduced by the modification. The Company monitors credit risk of modified financial assets by evaluating qualitative and quantitative information, such as if the borrower is in past due status under the new terms.

b. When the contractual terms of a financial asset are modified and the modification does not result in derecognition, the Company determines if the financial asset''s credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition by comparing:

i. the remaining lifetime PD estimated based on data at initial recognition and the original contractual terms; with

ii. the remaining lifetime PD at the reporting date based on the modified terms.

For financial assets modified, where modification did not result in derecognition, the estimate of PD reflects the Company''s ability to collect the modified cash flows taking into account the Company''s previous experience of similar forbearance action, as well as various behavioural indicators, including the borrower''s payment performance against the modified contractual terms. If the credit risk remains significantly higher than what was expected at initial recognition the loss allowance will continue to be

measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL. The loss allowance on forborne loans will generally only be measured based on 12-month ECL when there is evidence of the borrower''s improved repayment behaviour following modification leading to a reversal of the previous significant increase in credit risk.

Where a modification does not lead to derecognition the Company calculates the modification gain/loss comparing the gross carrying amount before and after the modification (excluding the ECL allowance). Then the Company measures ECL for the modified asset, where the expected cash flows arising from the modified financial asset are included in calculating the expected cash shortfalls from the original asset.

The Company derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the asset''s cash flows expire (including expiry arising from a modification with substantially different terms), or when the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset are transferred to another entity. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.

On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset''s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain/loss that had been recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity is recognised in profit or loss, with the exception of equity investment designated as measured at FVTOCI, where the cumulative gain/loss previously recognised in OCI is not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss.

On derecognition of a financial asset other than in its entirety (e.g. when the Company retains an option to repurchase part of a transferred asset), the Company allocates the previous carrying amount of the financial asset between the part it continues to recognise under continuing involvement, and the part it no longer recognises on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts on the date of the transfer. The difference between the carrying amount allocated to the part that is no longer recognised and the sum of the consideration received for the part no longer

recognised and any cumulative gain/loss allocated to it that had been recognised in OCI is recognised in profit or loss. A cumulative gain/loss that had been recognised in OCI is allocated between the part that continues to be recognised and the part that is no longer recognised on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts. This does not apply for equity investments designated as measured at FVTOCI, as the cumulative gain/loss previously recognised in OCI is not subsequently reclassified to profit or loss.

2.15 Presentation of allowance for ECL in the Balance Sheet

Loss allowances for ECL are presented in the statement of financial position as follows:

i. for financial assets measured at amortised cost: the financial assets are shown at full value in the respective notes and provision are separatly shown

ii. for debt instruments measured at FVTOCI: no loss allowance is recognised in Balance Sheet as the carrying amount is at fair value.

2.16 Cash and bank balances:

Cash and bank balances also include fixed deposits, margin money deposits, earmarked balances with banks and other bank balances which have restrictions on repatriation. Short term and liquid investments being subject to more than insignificant risk of change in value, are not included as part of cash and cash equivalents.

2.17 Securities premium account:

i. Securities premium includes:

a. The difference between the face value of the equity shares and the consideration received in respect of shares issued pursuant to Stock Option Scheme.

b. The fair value of the stock options which are treated as expense, if any, in respect of shares allotted pursuant to Stock Options Scheme.

ii. The issue expenses of securities which qualify as equity instruments are written off against securities premium account.

2.18 Borrowing costs:

Borrowing costs include interest expense calculated using the effective interest method, finance charges in respect of assets acquired on finance lease and

exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings, to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs.

Borrowing costs net of any investment income from the temporary investment of related borrowings, that are attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of cost of such asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.

2.19 Share-based payment arrangements:

The stock options granted to employees pursuant to the Company''s Stock Options Schemes, are measured at the fair value of the options at the grant date. The fair value of the options is treated as discount and accounted as employee compensation cost over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. The amount recognised as expense in each year is arrived at based on the number of grants expected to vest. If a grant lapses after the vesting period, the cumulative discount recognised as expense in respect of such grant is transferred to the general reserve within equity.

2.20 Accounting and reporting of information for Operating Segments:

Operating segments are those components of the business whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision making body in the Company to make decisions for performance assessment and resource allocation. The reporting of segment information is the same as provided to the management for the purpose of the performance assessment and resource allocation to the segments. Segment accounting policies are in line with the accounting policies of the Company.

2.21 Foreign currencies:

i. The functional currency and presentation currency of the Company is Indian Rupee. Functional currency of the Company and foreign operations has been determined based on the primary economic environment in which the Company and its foreign operations operate considering the currency in which funds are generated, spent and retained.

ii. Transactions in currencies other than the

Company''s functional currency are recorded on initial recognition using the exchange rate at the transaction date. At each Balance Sheet date, foreign currency monetary items are reported at the prevailing closing spot rate. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in foreign currency are not retranslated.

Exchange differences that arise on settlement of monetary items or on reporting of monetary items at each Balance Sheet date at the closing spot rate are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

iii. Financial statements of foreign operations whose functional currency is different than Indian Rupees are translated into Indian Rupees as follows:

a. assets and liabilities for each Balance Sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that Balance Sheet;

b. income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates; and

c. all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity as foreign currency translation reserve for subsequent reclassification to profit or loss on disposal of such foreign operations.

2.22 Taxation:Current Tax:

Tax on income for the current period is determined on the basis of taxable income (or on the basis of book profits wherever minimum alternate tax is applicable) and tax credits computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and based on the expected outcome of assessments/ appeals.

Deferred Tax:

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the Company''s financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in computation of taxable profit and quantified using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences to the extent that is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets relating to unabsorbed depreciation/business losses/losses under the head "capital gains" are recognised and carried forward to the extent of available taxable temporary differences or where there is convincing other evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. Deferred tax assets in respect of unutilised tax credits which mainly relate to minimum alternate tax are recognised to the extent it is probable of such unutilised tax credits will get realised.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Transaction or event which is recognised outside profit or loss, either in other comprehensive income or in equity, is recorded along with the tax as applicable.

2.23 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets:

Provisions are recognised only when:

i. an Company entity has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event; and

ii. it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation; and

iii. a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation

Provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation and when the effect of time value of money is material, the carrying amount of the provision is the present value of those cash flows. Reimbursement expected in respect of expenditure required to settle a provision is recognised only when it is virtually certain that the reimbursement will be received.

Contingent liability is disclosed in case of:

i. a present obligation arising from past events, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and

ii. a present obligation arising from past events, when no reliable estimate is possible.

Contingent assets are disclosed where an inflow of economic benefits is probable. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.

Where the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under such contract, the present obligation under the contract is recognised and measured as a provision.

2.24 Commitment:

Commitments are future liabilities for contractual expenditure, classified and disclosed as follows:

a. estimated amount of contracts remaining to be executed on capital account and not provided for;

b. uncalled liability on shares and other investments partly paid;

c. funding related commitment to associate companies; and

d. other non-cancellable commitments, if any, to the extent they are considered material and relevant in the opinion of management.

Other commitments related to sales/procurements made in the normal course of business are not disclosed to avoid excessive details.

2.25 Statement of cash flows:

Statement of cash flows is prepared segregating the cash flows into operating, investing and financing activities.cash flow from operating activities is reported using indirect method adjusting the net profit for the effects of:

i. changes during the period in operating receivables and payables transactions of a noncash nature;

ii. non-cash items such as depreciation, provisions, deferred taxes, unrealised gains and losses; and

iii. all other items for which the cash effects are investing and financing cash flows.

Cash and cash equivalents (including bank balances) shown in the Statement of Cash Flows exclude items which are not available for general use as on the date of Balance Sheet.

2.26 Earnings per share:

The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share data for its ordinary shares. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, adjusted for own shares held, for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.

2.27 Key source of estimation:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Ind AS requires that the management of the Company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of income and expenses of the period, the reported balances of assets and liabilities and the disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates include useful lives of property, plant and equipment & intangible assets, expected credit loss on loan books, future obligations in respect of retirement benefit plans, fair value measurement etc. Difference, if any, between the actual results and estimates is recognised in the period in which the results are known.

2.28 Operating cycle for current and non-current classification:

Based on the nature of products / activities of the Company entities and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realisation in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.

2.29 Statutory Reserve

In accordance with Section 45 - IC of the Reserve Bank of India (Amendment) Act 1997, Twenty percent of the profit after taxation has been transferred to Statutory Reserve.

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Mar 31, 2014

BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:

METHOD OF ACCOUNTING:

a) The, Financial statement are prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis and comply with all mandatory Accounting Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered of India and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

b) The preparation of the financial statements require the Management to make

estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including the contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the reporting period. The Management believes that the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. The difference between the actual results and the estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known/materialized.

c) The rights and liabilities pertaining to prior period operations but arising in the current year, if material, are shown under 'prior period adjustments' in the Profit & Loss Account;

FIXED ASSETS:

Tangible Fixed Assets

The "Gross Block" of fixed assets is shown at the cost of acquisition, which includes taxes, duties and other identifiable direct expenses.

DEPRECIATION:

The Company has provided depreciation under Written Down Value Method at the rates specified under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, .

IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of asset exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the statement of Profit & Loss in the year in which an asset Is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.

INVESTMENTS:

Investments held by the company are of Non Current in nature, and are shown at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of Non Current Investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the management.

Current investments, if any, are stated at the lower of cost and fair value, considered category wise.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the Statement of Profit & Loss on sale of investments and is determined on a first-in-first-out (FIFO) basis.

REVENUE RECOGNITION:

All income and expenditures are accounted on accrual basis. Dividend income on investments are accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established.

PROVISION FOR TAXATION:

a) Tax expenses comprise of current and deferred tax.

b) Provision for current income tax is made on the basis of relevant provisions of the Income tax act, 1961 as applicable to the financial year.

c) Deferred tax charge or credit and correspondingly deferred tax asset or liability is recognized using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.

d) Deferred tax is recognized, subject to the consideration of prudence, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods.

PROPOSED DIVIDEND:

Dividends proposed by the. Board of Directors are provided for in the accounts pending approval at the Annual General Meeting,

OTHER ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

These are consistent with the generally accepted accounting practices.

Other information required by Schedule VI, Part II of the Companies Act, 1956 relating to employees, imports, exports, expenditure in foreign currency and earnings in exchange are not given as the same are not applicable. .

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Mar 31, 2012

BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:

METHOD OF ACCOUNTING:

a) The Financial statement are prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis and comply with all mandatory Accounting Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered of India and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

b) The rights and liabilities pertaining to prior period operations but arising in the current year, if material, arc shown under 'prior period adjustments'. in the Profit & Loss Account.

FIXED ASSETS:

Tangible Fixed Assets

The "Gross Block'" of fixed assets is shown at the cost of acquisition, which includes taxes, duties and other identifiable direct expenses.

DEPRECIATION:

The Company has provided depreciation under Written Down Value Method at the rates specified under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. .

IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS

Impairment loss, if any, if provided to the extent, the carrying amount of assets exceeds their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of an assets net selling price and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposable at the end of its useful life.

INVESTMENTS:

Investments held by the company are of Non Current in nature, and are shown at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of Non Current Investments is made only if such a decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the management.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the Statement of Profit &r Loss on sale of investments is determined on a first-in-first-out (FIFO) basis.

REVENUE RECOGNITION:

All income and expenditures are accounted on accrual basis. Dividend incomes on investments are accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established.

PROVISION FOR TAXATION:

a) Tax expenses comprise of current and deferred tax.

b) Provision for current income tax is made on the basis of relevant provisions of the Income tax act, 1961 as applicable to the financial year.

c) Deferred tax charge or credit and correspondingly deferred tax asset or liability is recognized using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.

d) Deferred tax is recognized, subject to the consideration of prudence, on timing differences, being the difference between taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods.

PROPOSED DIVIDEND:

Dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is provided for in the accounts pending approval at the Annual General Meeting.

OTHER ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

These are consistent with the generally accepted accounting practices.

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Mar 31, 2010

A) The Financial statement are prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis and comply with all mandatory Accounting Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered of India and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.

b) The rights and liabilities pertaining to prior period operations but arising in the current year, if material, are shown under prior period adjustments in the Profit & Loss Account.

FIXED ASSETS:

The "Gross Block" of fixed assets is shown at the cost of acquisition, which includes taxes, duties and other identifiable direct expenses.

DEPRECIATION:

The Company has provided depreciation under Written Down Value Method at the rates specified under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

INVESTMENTS:

Investments held by the company are of long-term nature, and are shown at cost.

REVENUE RECOGNITION:

All income and expenditures are accounted on accrual basis. Dividend incomes on investments are accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established.

DEFERRED TAX ASSETS:

The Company has accounted for Deferred Tax in accordance with the Accounting Standard 22 - "Accounting for Taxes on Income" issued by the Council of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. This has resulted in a Deferred Tax Assets amounting to Rs.3,37,585/- as at the year end. Deferred Tax Assets for the current year amounting to Rs 3,37,385/- has been recognized in the Profit and Loss Account under Provision for Taxation". Hence, the profit for the year has increased to that extent. The Deferred Tax Asset/(Liability) comprises of tax effect of timing differences, carried forward business losses and unabsorbed depreciation.

PROPOSED DIVIDEND:

Dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is provided for in the accounts pending approval at the Annual General Meeting.

CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

The contingent liability in respect of partly paid investments in J. M. Financial Property Fund Rs. 20,00,000/-(Previous year - 20,00,000/-).